Rolya Alexandra, faculty of physics
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Present Perfect Simple |
Past Simple |
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Unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present:
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Finished actions:
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A finished action in someone's life (when the person is still alive: life experience):
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A finished action in someone's life (when the person is dead):
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A finished action with a result in the present:
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A finished action with no result in the present:
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With an unfinished time word (this week, this month, today):
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With a finished time word (last week, last month, yesterday):
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Remember:
1. We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present.
2. We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still happening now OR for finished actions which have a connection to the present.
3. We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word.
Приклади вправ на граматику:
1. Last night I lost (lose) my keys – I had to call my flatmate to let me in.
2. I have lost (lose) my keys – can you help me look for them?
3. I visited (visit) Paris three times.
4. Last year I visited (visit) Paris.
5. I knew (know) my great grandmother for a few years – she died when I was eight.
6. I have known (know) Julie for three years – we still meet once a month.
7. I have played (play) hockey since I was a child – I’m pretty good!
8. She played (play) hockey at school, but she don’t like (not / like) it.
9. Sorry, I’ve missed (miss) the bus, so I’m going to be late.
10. I mised (miss) the bus, and then I mised (miss) the airplane as well!
11. Last month I went (go) to Scotland.
12. I’m sorry, John isn’t here now. He has gone (go) to the shops.
13. We finished (finish) this room last week.
14. I have finished (finish) my exams finally – I’m so happy!
15. Yesterday, I went (go) to the library, the post office and the supermarket.
1. I’ve seen (see) three police cars this morning.
2. After he arrived (arrive) home, he unpacked (unpack) and went (go) to bed early.
3. A: What’s wrong?
B: I broke (break) a glass!
4. My grandparents only knew (know) each other for a few months before they got (get) married.
5. I have been (be) in London for three years.
6. We saw (see) Julie last night.
7. He was (be) a teacher before he become (become) a musician.
8. When the boss has walked (walk) into the room, we knew (know) someone was going to get fired.
9. The children broke (break) a window in the school last week.
10. He saw (see) that film last year.
11. Lucy has broke (break) her leg, so she can’t come skiing.
12. Julie has arrived (arrive)! Come and say hello!
13. They were (be) cold when they arrived (arrive) home.
14. Jack broke (break) his arm when he felt (fall) off a horse in 2005.
15. I have known (know) about the problem for months, but I haven’t found (not / find) a solution yet.
1. Ann is learning Italian. How long Anna have been learning Italian?
2. I know Tom. How long have you known Tom?
3. Bob and Alice were married. When Bob and Alice were married?
4. Stacy and Greg are friends. How long Stacy and Greg have been friends?
5. It is raining. How long it has been raining?
6. We are students. How long have you been students?
7. We go to the theatre. When did we go to the theatre?
8. I play the guitar. How long have you been playing guitar?
9. Tom’s father is a policeman. How long has Toms father been a policeman?
10. He has a very old car. When did he get this car?
11. I am waiting for you. How long have you been waiting for me?
12. I saw Tina. When did you see Tina?
13. We were on holidays. How long have you been on holiday?
14. Leila is leaving for France. When did Leila leave for France?
15. Marcia is at the hospital. How long has Marcia been at hospital?
Mr. Wilson has worked at the ‘Cotton Works Factory’ for more than forty years. Now he is about to retire. Here is his story.
When I started (to start) working there at the age of 16, the firm employed (to employ) some 30 people. Now there are 250 workers in the firm. So, the number of people working here have grown (to grow) by more than 200 over the years.
Forty years ago, we produced (to produce) some 100 shirts a day. But in forty years’ time the daily output has increased (to increase) enormously. Production felt (to fall) sharply in the early eighties, and so did (to do) the number of people working here. But since 1995 we had (to have) a steady rise in sales and employment year after year. Now we produce 5000 shirts per day.
Forty years ago, the firm worked (to work) only for the British market, but since 1985 markets have opened up (to open up) in most European countries all over the world.
When I began (to begin) to work here, production methods were (to be) rather primitive. Now they are up to date. In fact, they have been developing all the time.
Also working conditions improved (to improve) constantly. In the late sixties people worked (to work) almost 50 hours a week, Saturday mornings included. Since then the number of working hours has fallen (to fall) steadily. Now we are at 38 hours per week. Saturday work was (to be) abolished in 1975.
Labour relations improved (to improve) as well. Managers and workers have came (to come) to the conclusion now that co-operation is better than conflict.
B) Explain your choice.
The two boys walked slowly across the valley. Then suddenly Fred stopped and sat down on a large stone. "It's no use," he said. "I can't go any further. I'm absolutely exhausted!"
George looked at him for a minute. "Oh, come on!" he said. "It's not very far now. Only five or six miles at the most."
"Yes, but it's uphill most of the way," Fred answered. He pointed to the path in front of them. It went straight up the side of the valley. George sat down too. For a while the two boys said nothing. Then Fred pointed to some trees about half a mile ahead. "There's a hut among those trees," he said. "Perhaps we can spend the night there."
"I'll go and take a look," George said. He ran down the path towards the hut and vanished among the trees. Fred followed him more slowly.
"What's it like inside?" he asked after reaching the hut. "Not bad," George called back. "It feels a little damp, but there's some wood here, so we can light a fire."
The two boys cleaned out the hut, lit a fire, and then had supper. They were both tired and did not talk much. Before going to bed, they put plenty of wood on the fire. They did not speak; George’s eyelids closed, and he appeared to fall asleep almost at once, but Fred lay awake for a long time watching the flames. Then he felt asleep too.
Suddenly he was awake again. The fire was nearly out and he could hear noises outside. It sounded like voices. He woke up George.
"It's only the wind," grumbled the sleeping boy. "Go to sleep!"
But it wasn't the wind! The voices came nearer until they were just outside the hut. The door opened and a light shone on their faces. "They're here!" a voice called out. A policeman was standing in the doorway. He addressed the two boys. "You've given us a lot of trouble," he said. "We've looked all over the valley for you two!"
After reading tasks:
1. Fred wanted to stop, but George wanted to
a) go back b) talk c) go on d) sleep
2. The path in front of them
a) disappeared b) turned left c) was challenging d) went straight up
3. The boys lit the fire because they wanted
a) to see each other b) to warm up their supper c) to cook
4. After supper the boys
a) put out the fire b) sat and talked c) cleaned out the hut d) went to sleep
5. The policeman who came to the hut
a) wanted to sleep there b) was looking for the boys c) was looking for a criminal
1. The boys did not talk much. 5
2. The boys cleaned the hut out. 2
3. Fred watched the flames for a long time. 9
4. The boys went to bed.7
5. Fred fell asleep. 10
6. The boys found a hut among the trees. 1
7. The boys had supper. 4
8. George fell asleep quickly. 8
9. The boys lit a fire. 3
10. The boys put plenty of wood on the fire. 6
Absolutely, at the most, damp, hut, path, valley, ahead, awake, exhausted, noise, straight
1. After flying in a plane for 24 hours to Japan, the children were completely exhausted and went straight to bed.
2. We should've both stayed awake .
3. We heard the echo of our voices from the other side of the path .
4. The noise from the machine that circulated the oxygen frightened her.
5. Tom and Mary were walking down the valley with fishing poles slung over their shoulders.
6. The road goes straight for about a kilometer and then turns.
7. It's about ten minutes down the road, fifteen at the most .
8. The roof of the hut groaned under the weight of the snow.
9. It was a cold damp morning.
10. I am absolutely terrified that I will follow the same path as everyone else.
11. Look straight ahead and you'll see the post office.
1. What's it like inside? What’s the hut like inside
2. Yes, but it’s uphill most of the way. The path is uphill
3. He pointed to the path in front of them. A boy pointed
4. But it wasn't the wind! The noise wasn’t
5. The fire was nearly out and he could hear noises outside. A boy
6. There's a hut among those trees. Over there among the trees