
.
. 16.2.
(40-64
; n = 17 530):
: Marmot, 1994;
.
).
KHK
—
.
—
; Professional/Executive —
; Clerical —
/
; other —
)
16.1.
II
(Marmot et al., 1991)
(
)
,
.
-
: 10 308
35
55
,
(
).
1985 .
— 3
.
-
:
,
.
.
:
,
,
;
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
—
.
,
(
,
)
:
,
,
,
.
,
,
(
,
).
.
(
.
2.4).
.
,
,
,
,
2.1 -2.4,
.
,
(
,
).

---
—
,
,
—
.
,
,
,
—
,
(Pappas, Queen, Hadden & Fisher, 1993).
.
.
,
,
,
(Fox, 1988).
,
,
,
(Macintyre, Hunt & Sweenting, 1996).
,
,
,
,
,
,
(Mirowsky & Ross, 1995).
,
,
.
1958 . (Hollingshead & Redlich, 1958).
,
;
,
—
,
.
,
—
(Dohrenwend, 1975; Dohrenwend & Skodol, 1986).
,
,
(
.
Cockerham, 1989).
«
»
«
»,
.
,
. (Dohrenwend et al, 1992)
)
,
—
,
—
.
,
,
(Kessler et
al., 1994).
,
,
.
(Brown & Harris, 1978; 1989).
,
,
,
.
,
:
,
,
.
2.4
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
—
,
.
,
,
:
,
.
,
,
,
;
(
.
2.4).
2.3.

,
, —
.
,
,
—
—
(
,
,
,
. .),
.
(
,
. .)
;
,
,
«
».
,
, —
,
—
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
12-
13-
(Blaxter, 1990;
Fox, 1988; Mielck, 1994).
(
,
,
,
),
.
,
«
» —
(
,
).
,
,
:
,
25%
(Marmot, 1994).
,
.
2.4.
:
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
, —
,
,
,
,
).
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
—
,
,
,
(
.
)) ,
,
.
(
,
,
,
. .).
,

,
.
,
.
,
;
(Siegrist, 1996).
,
.
,
—
—
,
.
,
.
. 16.3.
. 16.3.
,
,
.
,
(social support),
,
,
,
,
,
,
(House, Landis & Umberson, 1988).
,
,
,
—
,
(Broadhead, 1984).
(
, Berkman & Syme, 1979; Brown
& Harris, 1978, 1989; House, 1981; House et al., 1988;
Siegrist, 1996).
,
,
: «
»
,
.
,
,
,
(
,
),
—
.

.
,
(Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Schnall et al.,
1994).
,
,
,
.
,
, —
,
,
, ,
,
(
,
,
).
(
).
,
(Siegrist,
1996).
, II
,
—
«
»
—
,
,
.
8%
,
—
—
,
1%
—
(Bosma, Peter,
Siegrist & Marmot, 1996).
3.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
(Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Siegrist, 1996),
—
(Frasure-Smith & Prince, 1989).
,
,
.
4.
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Handbook of Health, Health Care, and the Health Professions
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follow-up study of Alameda county residents.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 109,
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Blaxter, M. (1990).
Health and Lifestyle.
London: Tavistock.
Bosma, H., Peter, R., Siegrist, J. & Marmot, M. (1998). Two alternative job stress modeis and the risk
of coronary heart disease.
American Journal of Public Health, 88,
68-74.
Broadhead, W. E., Caplan, B. H. James, S. A. & Gehlbach, S. H. (1983). The epidemiologic evidence
for a relationship between social support and health.
American Journal of Epidemiology, 117,
521 -537.
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. O. (1978).
Social Origines of Depression.
London: Tavistock.
Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. O. (Eds.). (1989).
Life Events and Illness.
New York: Gilford.
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und Krankheit. In A. Gebert, F. Gutzwiller, C. Kleiber & G. Kocher (Hrsg.),
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