Материал: informatika_uchebnik_Makarova
106
.
(interface) –
,
.
(I/O –
Input/Output port) –
,
.
.
;
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
:
),
(
)
;
),
;
),
(
,
)
;
,
.
:
1)
;
2)
;
3)
(
).
,
,
)
:
(
).
,
,
,
–
,
.
ASCII-
.
(
).
.
:
(
)
(
).
(
)
,
(
).
,
(
),
,
.
(
).
(
).
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
(
)
)
.
–
,
.
,
,
.
107
(
),
(CD-ROM – Compact Disk Read Only
Memory –
,
)
.
.
. 4.4).
.
,
.
.
,
(
,
,
,
,
).
–
.
(
).
.
,
50 - 80%
.
.
:
,
.
.
,
:
(
)
;
;
;
;
.
(
),
(
)
.
(
)
–
.
. 4.5).
.
–
,
",
,
,
,
.
–
,
,
(
)
,
.
:
–
,
.
. 4.5);
(
)
–
,
(
);
;
) –
,
,
,
;
ASCII,
.
. 4.5);
):
–
,
,
-
,
. –
;
–
,
.
:
–
.
. 4.5);
(
)
–
108
,
,
)
;
:
,
,
.
.
:
– 100 - 1000
,
;
,
.
(
,
,
-
.)
,
(
, "
",
,
).
,
. 4.2
,
.
-
(
,
.
. 7).
–
.
(multimedia –
) –
,
,
,
:
,
,
,
,
.
;
(
);
- (video-)
(sound-)
,
(videograbber),
;
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
(CD)
,
(650
,
– 1
),
,
CD
,
.
,
CD.
,
;
CD
,
,
;
.
CD
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
CD
-
,
.
.
,
,
,
CD.
, CD-ROM
,
,
-
.
.
,
:
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
(
)
,
.
109
.
,
80486 DX,
.
,
.
,
,
.
(
,
,
,
.);
,
.
.
–
,
(
)
.
[4].
,
,
,
18
(
,
).
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
,
:
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
–
.
– Mother Board),
,
:
;
;
;
(
)
;
,
;
;
.
-
-
(
),
,
(
)
.
.
1.
:
;
,
,
110
.
2.
:
.
.
.
:
,
.
.
(
8-, 16-, 32- 64-
)
,
.
:
–
,
;
,
.
. 4.4 .
M u l t i b u s 1
: PC/XT bus (Personal Computer extended Technology –
) PC/AT bus (PC Advanced Technology –
).
PC/XT bus
– 8-
20-
,
4,77
;
4
4
DMA – Direct Memory Access).
1
.
8086, 8088.
PC/AT bus
– 16-
24-
,
8
,
16
,
;
7
4
DMA.
80286.
ISA
(Industry Standard Architecture –
) - 16-
24-
,
8
,
50
(
);
PC/XT
PC/AT
7
15
DMA 7
11.
24-
1
16
.
16
,
,
4-5
,
.
32-
ISA
.
EISA
(Extended ISA) – 32-
32-
,
1989 .
4
,
33
,
–
–
,
(
15
,
–
10).
,
EISA
DMA;
ISA (
ISA),
.
EISA
,
.
MCA
(Micro Channel Architecture) – 32-
,
IBM 1987 .
PS/2,
76
,
10-20
.
EISA,
ISA,
EISA.
PS/2
,
,
.
:
(
,
Pentium