Материал: informatika_uchebnik_Makarova
256
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
:
,
,
;
;
;
.
8.2.
.
,
(
)
:
;
;
.
. 8.9.
,
. 8.9:
;
;
.
:
;
;
;
(
,
,
.).
.
–
:
,
,
,
.
,
257
,
,
.
,
.
.
(System
Software)
–
.
)
.
,
.
,
,
,
–
,
.
.
(application program package) –
.
,
.
,
(
),
.
.
–
,
,
.
. 8.10
–
,
,
,
,
,
.
(base software)
–
,
.
–
,
.
258
. 8.10.
:
;
(
);
.
,
.
IBM, Microsoft, UNISYS, Novell.
20
.
.
.
.
:
-
(
);
-
(
,
);
;
,
.
32-
:
OS/2
(IBM);
Windows NT
(Microsoft);
Unix
;
Next Step 3.2 (Next);
SCO Open Desktop 3.0 (Santa Cruz Operation);
Solaris 2.1 (SunSoft) – x86;
UnixWare Personal Edition 1.0 (Novell).
,
1996 .,
,
. 8.1.
8 . 1 .
259
MS DOS
62.4%
18.8%
Windows 3.x
52.8%
14.0%
Windows 95
45.4%
23.1%
OS/2
14.0%
12.5%
NetWare
10.2%
6.8%
Windows NT
10.2%
13.0%
Unix
7.9%
5.4%
MS DOS
Microsoft)
1981 .
6.22 7.0 (
Windows 95),
-
(DR DOS, PC DOS).
.
1996 . MS DOS
Windows
95 – 32-
.
OS/2
IBM
,
.
,
,
,
,
. OS/2
:
;
;
;
32-
;
;
.
OS/2
HPFS (High Perfomance File System),
(
MS DOS
),
–
16
INTEL PowerPC.
OS/2 Warp
Internet,
VoiceType,
Lotus Notes Mail
Internet
. OS/2
Windows 3.1 Win32s,
,
Windows
95
Windows NT.
Open 32
.
U n i x ,
Bell Laboratory.
.
Unix
,
,
:
;
;
RISC.
Unix
,
,
,
.
,
Unix,
,
.
:
(
,
,
);
(
)
;
;
;
;
260
;
;
.
-
,
,
.
(
,
,
y
.),
.
-
.
(
),
.
LAN Server, NetWare, VINES,
Windows NT, Windows 95.
:
,
,
.
Novell NetWare
. 7.
Windows NT
,
,
32-
:
;
;
;
;
.
. 8.2
.
8 . 2 .
,
:
IBM Adstar Distributed Storage Manager 1.0 –
,
(
,
,
),
);
Symantec Norton Administrator for Networks 2.0 –
(
);
Microsoft NT File and Print Service for NetWare –
NetWare Windows
NT,
NT
NetWare;
Armon OnSite Manager –
,
.