Материал: ЛЕК_ТЕП_дистанційно
Ɉɫɧɨɜɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ. Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ 1
Ɉɤɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɿ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɪɭɯɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɿ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɢɦ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɿ ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀ ɦɚɲɢɧɢ. ɇɚɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɜɫɿ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɭɠɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɱɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ȿɉ, ɳɨ ɞɨɤɨɪɿɧɧɨ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ.
Ɋɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɪɭɯɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɞɚɱɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ.
ɉɟɪɲɚ ɡ ɧɢɯ - ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ȿɉ, ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɪɭɯɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɣ ɨɩɨɪɭ. Ɍɚɤ, ɡɧɚɣɲɨɜɲɢ ɡ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɪɭɯɭ (1.10) ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ :
H |
Ɇɞ |
Ɇc |
(1.15) |
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ɧɟɫɤɥɚɞɧɨ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ:
- ɹɤɳɨ Ɇɞ > Ɇɫ, ɬɨ H > 0, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ
(ɪɨɡɝɨɧɭ) ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɤɨɥɢ Z > 0 ɚɛɨ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɫɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ), ɹɤɳɨ Z < 0.
-ɹɤɳɨ Ɇɞ = Ɇɫ, ɬɨ H = 0 (ɬɨɛɬɨ, Ɇɞɢɧ = 0) ɿ ɦɚɽ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɭɫɬɚɥɟɧɢɣ (ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɢɣ) ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡ Z = const.
-ɹɤɳɨ Ɇɞ < Ɇɫ, ɬɨ H < 0, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ
(ɫɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ) ɤɨɥɢ Z > 0 ɚɛɨ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ (ɪɨɡɝɨɧɭ) ɩɪɢ Z < 0.
ȱɧɬɟɝɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɢɪɚɡɭ |
dZ |
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r Ɇɞ |
r Ɇɫ |
, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧ |
dt |
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J |
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ɡɦɿɧɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ |
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t |
M |
ɞ |
M |
c |
dt Zɩɨɱ |
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Z ³ |
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(1.16) |
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J |
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0 |
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Ɋɨɡɞɿɥ Ɍ1 Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
ɚɛɨ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ (ɪɨɡɝɨɧɭ, ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɬ.ɞ.) ɩɪɢ ɡɦɿɧɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ Z1 ɞɨ Z2:
Z |
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J |
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t ³2 |
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dZ. |
(1.17) |
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Ɇ |
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Ɇ |
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Z |
ɞ |
ɫ |
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1 |
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ɍ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ, ɨɛɢɞɜɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɢ (Ɇɞ ɿ Ɇɫ) ɽ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɹɦɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ.
əɤɳɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ, ɳɨ ɪɭɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ, ɬɨ ɱɚɫ ɪɭɯɭ ȿɉ ɩɪɢ ɡɦɿɧɿ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ Z1 ɞɨ Z2 ɛɭɞɟ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ:
Z2 |
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J |
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J Z |
2 |
Z |
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t ³ |
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dZ |
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1 |
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(1.18) |
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Ɇ |
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Ɇ |
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Ɇ |
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Z |
ɞ |
ɫ |
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ɞ |
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Ɇ |
ɫ |
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Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɹɤɳɨ Z1=0, |
ɹɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.7, |
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Z,M |
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Mɞ |
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Z(t) |
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Mc |
0 |
tɪɚɡɝ |
t |
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.7 - ɑɚɫɨɜɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɝɨɧɭ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
Z,Ɇ |
Z(t) |
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Z |
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Ɇɫ |
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0 |
tɬ |
t |
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Mɞ |
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.8 - ɑɚɫɨɜɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
ɱɚɫ ɩɭɫɤɭ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ ɞɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɹɤ:
t |
ɩɭɫɤɭ |
JZ2 |
. |
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Ɇɞ Ɇɫ |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ. Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ 1
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ȿɉ (ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.8) ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ, ɳɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɸ ɪɭɯɭ ɜɢɞɭ:
Ɇɞ Ɇɫ |
J |
dZ |
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dt |
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ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɱɚɫ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɜɢɪɚɡɨɦ:
tɬ |
Z2 |
J |
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dZ |
Z2 |
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dZ. |
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Z³ |
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Z³ |
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(1.19) |
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Ɇ |
Ɇ |
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Ɇ |
Ɇ |
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ɞ |
ɫ |
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1 |
ɞ |
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ɫ |
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Ɂɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɹɤɳɨ J = const, Mc = const ɿ Ɇɞ = const, |
ɬɨ ɱɚɫ ɝɚɥɶɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ |
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ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɽ: |
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t |
ɝ |
JZ1 |
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Ɇɞ Ɇɫ |
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Ⱦɪɭɝɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ - ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ȿɉ - |
ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ |
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ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ȿɉ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ (
Ɇɞ Ɇɫ JH ). ɐɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɚ ɿ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.
Ɍ1.3. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿ ɫɢɥ ɨɩɨɪɭ, ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿɧɟɪɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɿɧɟɪɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɦɚɫ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿ ɫɢɥ ɨɩɨɪɭ
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɟ ɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɹ ɪɭɯɭ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɜɢɞɭ :
Ɇɞ Ɇɫ |
J |
dZ |
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dt |
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ɞɟ ɆȾ - ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ; Ɇɋ |
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ɦɨɦɟɧɬ |
ɨɩɨɪɭ, ɳɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ |
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ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɦ (ɪɨɛɨɱɨɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɸ); |
J |
Jɞ Jɪɦ |
- ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɿɧɟɪɰɿʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, |
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37
Ɋɨɡɞɿɥ Ɍ1 Ɇɟɯɚɧɿɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ
ɳɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿɧɟɪɰɿʀ ɨɛɟɪɬɨɜɢɯ ɦɚɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ, ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɣɩɪɨɫɬɿɲɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭ, ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɨɦ (ɪɭɯɨɦɢɦ ɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ) ɿ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɸ, ɡ’ɽɞɧɚɧɢɦɢ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ.
ɍ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɿɜ, ɞɜɢɝɭɧ ɪɭɯɚɽ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɢɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ, ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɭ ɪɭɯɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɇɚɣɱɚɫɬɿɲɟ ɭ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɚɯ ɨɞɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɭɯ, ɚ ɿɧɲɿ - ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɶɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɠɧɢɣ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɿɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɯɟɦɢ ɦɚɽ ɩɪɭɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɞɿɽɸ ɫɢɥ ɿ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɚ ɜ ɡ'ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɽ ɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɿ ɡɚɡɨɪɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ȿɉ, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɽ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɨɜɨɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸ, ɳɨ ɦɚɽ ɞɭɠɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɭ ɤɿɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɭ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɿ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɪɭɯɭ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɜɢɳɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɿɜ ɭɫɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɢɣ (ɭ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɿɡ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɚɪɚɬɭ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ).
Ɂ ɭɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɭɯɭ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ-ɦɚɫɨɜɢɯ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɦɚɫɚɦɢ ɿ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɢɦɢ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɿɜ ɦɿɠ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɛ ɞɟɳɨ ɫɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɢ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ȿɉ ɩɪɢɜɿɜɲɢ ʀʀ ɚɛɨ ɞɨ ɬɪɢɦɚɫɨɜɨʀ, ɚɛɨ ɞɨ ɞɜɨɦɚɫɨɜɨʀ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɭɠɧɢɦɢ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɫɭɦɚɪɧɢɦ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɦ (ɚɛɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɶɨɝɨ), ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɤɭɬɨɜɨʀ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɚɥɭ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɿ ɫɯɟɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ ɜ ɿɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ, ɳɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɿ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɧɟɯɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɭɠɧɿɫɬɸ ɿ ɡɚɡɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚɯ, ɩɪɢɣɧɹɜɲɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɿ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɢɦɢ. Ɍɨɞɿ ɪɭɯ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɝɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɚɽ ɩɨɜɧɭ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɸ ɩɪɨ ɪɭɯ ɜɫɿɯ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɬɨɦɭ ɪɭɯ ȿɉ ɭ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɢɦ
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ. Ɍɟɨɪɿɹ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. ɑɚɫɬɢɧɚ 1
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ. Ɂɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɚɥ ɞɜɢɝɭɧɚ, ɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɸɸɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɸ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɸ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɨʀ) ɫɯɟɦɨɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɭɠɧɢɯ ɡɜ'ɹɡɤɿɜ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɭ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɦɨɦɟɧɬɢ ɿɧɟɪɰɿʀ ɿ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɩɨɪɭ, ɳɨ ɞɿɸɬɶ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ, ɡɚɦɿɧɹɸɬɶ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ.
Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɟɦɨ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɭ ɟɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ.
ɇɟɯɚɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿɡ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɿɧɟɪɰɿʀ J1; J2; ɿ J3, ɳɨ ɨɛɟɪɬɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɤɭɬɨɜɢɦɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ Z1; Z2; ɿ Z3, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɿɡ ɦɚɫɨɸ m, ɳɨ ɪɭɯɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɶɧɨ ɿɡ ɲɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɸ V (ɪɢɫ. Ɍ1.10).
J1 |
J3 |
Z3 |
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Mc’ |
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Jɟc |
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Zɞ Ɇɞ |
J2 Z2 |
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V |
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m |
Mɞ Zɞ |
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Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.9 - ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɍ1.10 - ȿɤɜɿɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ȿɉ. |
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ɦɟɯɚɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ȿɉ. |
Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɨɪɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɜɚɝɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ, ɳɨ ɪɭɯɚɽɬɶɫɹ |
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ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɶɧɨ |
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G |
mg, |
(1.20) |
ɹɤɢɣ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɥɭ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ (ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚ ɡ ɪɚɞɿɭɫɨɦ R ɿ |
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ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɿɧɟɪɰɿʀ J3): |
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Mc |
G Rɛ . |
(1.21) |
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