
170<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
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Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения с герундием.
1. Stimulating the somatotropic hormone upon growth can be partly
correlated with its acceleration of metabolism. 2. Certain researchers
believe that the hypophysectomized animal differs essentially from the
normal in that it has lost the power of converting fateto carbohydrates. 3. In
acromegaly and gigantism X-ray pictures re9fr&i
L
fre?pening the pituitary
fossa of the sphenoid bone. 4. The thyroidectomy is removing the thyroid
gland. 5. Thyroxine and the somatotropic pituitary hormone
are regarded as basic metabolic hormones necessary for maintaining
general nutritive conditions.
Упражнение 2. Найдите ing-формы в следующих предложениях.
Переведитепредложения.
1. Thyrotropic hormone is of considerable importance not only in
regulating the thyroid secretion but in accounting for many metabolic
effects. 2. Related injections of extracts containing ketogenic hormones
cause fat infiltrations of liver, reduction in fat of other tissues and keto-
sis. 3. The stimulating action of the somatotropic hormone upon growth
can be partly correlated with its acceleration of metabolism. 4. Injecting
hormones into normal young animals results in animals of large size and
precocious sexual development. 5. Acromegaly and gigantism produce
overgrowing of bones and there may be an actual lengthening of the
spinal column.
Упражнение 3. Отработайте чтение следующих слов.
nerve [na:v], touch [UtJ], actually ['aektjuali], area ['еэпэ], ether ['i:6dL
anesthetics [,aenis'0etiks], novocaine ['nouvokein], yawning [p:nir)]
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите следующие Словосочетания.
1. to react upon each other, reaction power, the reaction of eye to the
light, Wasserman reaction, reaction of sensibility; 2. to feel one's pulse,
to feel like doing smth, to feel tired, to feel fine, a feeling of danger; 3. to
treat with penicillin, surgical treatment, treatment by exercises, to try
many treatments for pneumonia, to be under treatment

Motor area
Lesson 13 <► 171
Упражнение 5. Просмотрите текст А и сравните по содержанию обе
части текста.
Text А
The Nervous System. Brain and Nerves
1.
Nerves lead from the spinal cord or from the brain to each part of
the body. Then they lead from each part of the body back to the brain or
spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord are the centres of this system of
nerves.
2.
All parts of your body are connected by nerves. The nerve cells with
their fibres make up the nervous system. When we study one

172<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
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nerve cell,
we
see that it has a long^ fibre at
one end
and short fibres at the other.
The nerve cells send im-
pulses to each other by
means of
the fibres at their ends.
These fibres do not actually touch but
are so close to each other that
an impulse
can travel
from one fibre to another.
Physical agents become
stimuli for nerve terminals by
transferring energy from the external ^orid to the nerve terminals:
3.
Thus all rierve cells connect with each other. There are millions of
these connecting nerve cells. Thus a stimulus from any part of the body can
reach any other part of it. In the spinal cord and brain, the nerve cells
connect with each other by their connecting fibres. Outside the spinal cord
and brain, certain long fibres are grouped together forming nerves. Each
nerve is made up of thousands of nerve fibres together in a bundle, as a
cable is made up of separate wires.
The Brain Centre of the Nervous System
4.
We know the nerves to carry impulses to the brain. We know that the
brain sends these impulses along so that they go to the right place. The
brainjs made up of threqparts
v
The cerebrum sits like a cap on the
cerebellum. And the medulla is that long portion connecting the brain with
the spinal cord. The cerebrum has certain parts that do certain work.
Studying human beings with accidental injuries of brains helped scientists
to get information about these areas. For instance they have discovered
that the part for thought, memory, and feeling is found in the front of the
cerebrum. The part for hearing is found at the side of the cerebrum, and the
part for sight in the back of the cerebrum.
Silent
area
Smell and
taste
Auditory
area
Medull
a
Sensory
area
Cerebellu
m
Spinal
cord
Fig. 13.Diagram to illustrate some of the
more important centres in cerebral
hemispheres.
Cerebral
hemispher
es

Motor area
Lesson 13 <► 173
5.
Many experiments have shown that the brain is the centre of feeling
and understanding. The nerve cells in the brain can be «put to sleep» with
ether or other anesthetics. Then the brain does not feel any impulses from
the part being operated on. Sometimes the nerve cells near the
part of our body being treated may
be deadened by
novocaine, as
Speech area
Visual area

174<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
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when the dentist pulls a tooth. What the novocaine does is preventing the
impulses from getting to the brain from the nerve in the tooth.
6. The cerebellum is the centre for making your muscles work as a
team. The medulla is the centre of certain of our most important acts:
breathing and heartbeat, on which life itself depends. The medulla is also
capable of controlling acts such as swallowing and yawning.
Упражнение 6. Переведите письменно абзацы 5 и 6 текста A.
i
Упражнение 7. Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и
зачитайте их.
1. What do we know about the structure of the nerve cell? 2. How does
a nerve react to a stimulus? 3. How many parts is the brain made
up of? 4. What have scientists found out about the brain?
i
Упражнение 8. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения,
выбрав одну из данныхing-форм, подходящую по смыслу.
^
ЧЧ. Ч
b
reacting, responding, combining, descending, controlling, containing,
cooling,Warming У
1. A large number of narcotics or anesthetics produce depression by...
directly wtith protoplasm. 2. ... decreases and ... enhances excitability. 3.
The human auditory receptors are capable of U to
%
a range from 16 to 20
000 molecular vibrations. 4. Electromagnetic vibrations include in ...
order: hertzian, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, roentgen, gamma and
cosmic rays. 5. Nerves placed in solutions ... carbohydrate and fat cause
a decrease in both of these foodstuffs. 6. Cerebellum is the higher centre
for ... equilibrium.
л, ч ,
(O.'v-Л-'"Л
Упражнение 9. Переведите следующие предложения сing-формами
на русский язык, определите их функции.
1. The intensity of an impulse arising during the relatively refractory^
period is less and it decreases when passing through a depressed
stretch of nerve. 2. Functional nerve block can be produced without
cutting or injuring the fibres permanently. 3. Among the outstanding
symptoms found in cerebellar disease, ataxia (i.e. the inability of
maintaining equilibrium through failure of muscular coordination)
received a great deal of attention. Thus, a cigarette may be raised to the