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is retained within the structure (circuits) of the computer. In Italian, people talk about the 'incarnation' of memory – where the memory becomes part of our own flesh.

Receiving multi-sensory experience

Your working memory receives information through your senses. If you see it, say it, hear it and do it in a revision session, you will create a four-lane motorway into your medium term memory.

This is why you should try to learn in a multi-sensory way and use them all to make as many different 'mental' connections as you can. So sitting for hours just reading will take you four times as long to memorise the same information! See it, say it, hear it, do it!

- Tiredness, anxiety, emotions, mood and stress

- Interference new information being confused with existing information

- Poor learning strategy – not having cues or memory triggers to unlock and retrieve the facts А

- Disuse or insufficient rehearsal or practice using a review cycle - Lack of importance – youбdon't remember what you don't value

- Improper organisation – trying to cram too much information into your brain without sorting itиinto categories

- Dehydration – the brain needs water to conduct electrical pulses fast

Using learning strategies to remember

1.Rhymes: 'I before E except after C.' This easily remembered spelling rule avoids spelling mistakes in words like 'receive' and 'retrieve'. Get students to invent rhyming raps to memorise grammar rules.

2.Physical prompts: in Libya, I was taught to use my two fists to remember the days in the months. If the first high bone is January (31) it is followed by a dip, February (28/29). March (31) is the next bone followed by a dip, April (30). July (31) is the last bone on one hand and August (31) is the first bone on the other hand.

3.Memory workout: read, cover, write, say, check. (Repeat the workout circuit many times!)

4.Visualisation prompts: to remember a sequence of facts, think of a regu-

lar journey such as to school or to the shops. Connect each fact to a point on the journey. С

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5. Sound prompts: the same as above but connect each fact to a stage in a piece of music you know well.

http://www.pearsonlongman.com/exams/pdfs/Memory_techniques.pdf

29. Read some information about general principles to aid memory and choose the best ones. Why have you chosen them?

Create interest: find a purpose, 'This will be useful for ...' Understand it: it's impossible to learn what you don't understand.

Positive thinking and confidence: often we fail to learn because we are convinced we can't do it.

Intend to attend to it!: be determined to learn – avoid distractions. Organise information into sensible chunks and rehearse. Do not try to learn too much at one time – remember your short term memory can only hold seven items. Plan what you are going to learn.

Create associations: it's much easier to learn something new if you link it to something you already know.

Doodle, highlight,Сcartoon,иunderline: decorate your notes with colour and pictures to make them more memorable.

Involve your emotions: feel happy and reward yourself when your memory works well. Develop an emotional relationship with the information you are learning!

Use concrete materials: make a model or game to represent the information you need to remember.

You remember best the information you receive at the beginning or end of a work session: Try having a short change in the middle of a work session so you have two beginnings and two endings.

30. Give your partner a piece of advice about effective memorizing. Let him make some notes.

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31.Have you been to some other countries? Would you like to study abroad? Why? What are the main difficulties for foreign students?

32.Match the words with their definitions.

33. Scan the text in Ex. 34 and fill in the first 2 columns of the table:

34. Read the text once again. Why is it titled “Happy to be in Leeds”?

Happy to be in Leeds

It is already February and I have been in Leeds for more than four months! WOW! Being an exchange student, so far away from home and having to care for myself, is quite a stress sometimes but it is certainly one of the best experiences of my life.

Letizia is an exchange student at Leeds University. She is from Italy and she is studying Communication in Leeds. Her main interests are journalism and politics.

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I like how University is organised here in England. I think that seminars are really really useful to have the chance to tell your opinion and moreover to read and know more about the subject you are studying.

In Italy we usually have oral exams at the end of term, no essays. It has been really difficult to write an essay for the first time, and especially in a foreign language: English! But it will be really useful for the future, as I reckon that most of the academic papers are essays... and that English is the international language.

However, despite the high competence of the lecturers, the level of teaching is different in Italy. Maybe this is because we have a really strong basic general knowledge that we learn in high school. Therefore in University we tend to have more specific courses and a higher level of teaching in

On the other hand, University of Leeds has better lecture theatre, scientific laboratories and computer clusters. The resources that every student

can use inside the university, for research,Дstudy, leisure are amazing! Stu-

dents should be aware of the great infrastructure that they have and that they can actually use.

I am really happy to be in LeedsАas a student for an entire year. How sad it will be to go backиhome in June… and leave all the friends that I

Finally, the best part of studying at University of Leeds is the Student Union. All the societies, the newspaper, the radio and the sport clubs are a

PS. Obviously there areбalso the difficulties of everyday life… but I will leave those bits for the next time! :-)

great opportunity to make friends and enjoy life better!

made and this great city! С

http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/content/articles/2005/02/17/student_diary _letizia_200502_feature.shtml

35. Read the text about Letizia study abroad once again. There are 10 words hidden in the grid. Can you find and circle them? Then use any 5 of your circled words in 5 sentences you compose.

36. Which adjectives go with each of these nouns? Use the phrases you

37.In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantagesИof studying abroad. Fill in the third column in ex. 33. Д

38.Look at the title and say what the reading passage will be about. Then read the text and draw upАits plan. knowledgeб

you about building friendships,иtaking responsibility for yourself, respecting differences Сand tolerating the beliefs of others.

Exchange students develop leadership skills, self-confidence and a greater understanding of the complexities of the world around them. This is why the best universities, as well as corporations and professionals, look favourably on students who have spent a school year abroad. They know that former international exchange students bring a higher level of maturity and a global frame of reference to their university studies and activities.

If you become an exchange student abroad, you will experience life in another culture, and make close friends in your host country. Sit in the small cafés, play sports, shop in the same outdoor markets; these are things tourists miss, and this is where you really discover the way of life in another country, with all its subtleties.

While you live the typical daily life of another culture, you are learning every minute of every day. You might live in a French city meant for walking, with cobblestone streets so narrow you can touch the walls of

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