Материал: 5169
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36 |
Magadanskaya Oblast |
Sahalinskaya Oblast |
The Magadanskaya Oblast is situated in the north – east of Russia. It was separated from the Khabarovsky Krai and became independent in 1953.
Magadan is the center of it. Population is about 230000 people.
The Sahalinskaya Oblast is the only wholly island part in Russia. It was separated from the Khabarovsky Krai and became independent in 1947.
Population is about 600000 people.
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21,7
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1,2
0,5
52,2
31,2
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- 60 % - non-ferrous metallurgy |
- 52.2 % - fuel complex |
- 21.7 % - food industry |
- 31.2 % - food industry |
- 15.1 % - electric energy |
- 10.4 % - electric energy |
- 1.2 % - fuel complex |
- 2.6 % - forest complex |
- 1 % - machine building |
- 1.4 % -construction |
- 0.5 % - construction |
- 1.2 % - other industries |
- 0.4 % - other industries |
- 1 % - machine building |
- 0.2 % - forest complex |
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Koryaksky Autonomous |
Chukotsky Autonomous |
Okrug |
Okrug |
The Koryaksky Autonomous Okrug is situated in the northern part of Kamchtka.
It was founded in October 10,1930 as the part of the Kamchatskaya Oblast.
Nowadays it is the RF’s subject, included in the Kamchatsky Krai. Population is about 30000 people.
The Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug was founded in October 10,1930 as the part of the Magadanskaya Oblast.
It became the RF’s subject in 1992.
Population is about 75000 people.
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- 51.4 % - food industry metallurgy |
- 46.7 % - non-ferrous |
- 41.5 % - non-ferrous metallurgy |
- 30.5 % - electric energy |
- 5.7 % - electric energy |
- 16.3 % - food industry |
- 1.3 % - fuel complex |
- 6.5 % - fuel complex |
- 0.05 % - other industries |
- 0.1 % - other industries |
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Jewish Autonomous Oblast Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya)
The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is located in the south – west of the Far East.
It was founded in 1934,but it was separated from the Khabarovsky Krai and became independent in 1992.
Birobidzhan is the center of it. Population is about 200000 people.
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya) is situated in the north of Russia.
It was founded in April 25,1992. Yakutsk is the center of it.
Population is about 1 mil.people.
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2,7 |
0,9 |
30,4 |
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1,9 |
11 |
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- 30.4 % - construction metallurgy |
- 72.7 % - non-ferrous |
- 17.9 % - electric energy |
- 11.2 % - fuel complex |
- 13.2 % - machine building |
- 11 % - electric energy |
- 12.8 % - forest complex |
- 2 % - food industry |
- 10.4 % - light industry |
- 1.1 % - other industries |
- 7.2 % - food industry |
- 0.9 % - construction |
- 3.4 % - other industries |
- 0.8 % - construction |
- 2.7 % - non-ferrous metallurgy |
- 0.3 % - machine building |
- 1.9 % - fuel complex |
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39
IV. STUDY THE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ABOUT THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
When did the pioneers first appear in the Far East?
They appeared in Yakutia in the 1620s. History has preserved the name of Nikifor Penda. Having gathered a detachment of 40 people, Penda began his march about 1620 from Turukhansk. At this point the right tributary, the Lower Tunguska, falls into the River Yenisei. The detachment came to the upper reaches of this river on rafts under sail from where it reached the River Lena by land. There they again made rafts and sailed northward along the Lena. In the place now occupied by the city of Yakutsk Penda and his fellow explorers saw the Yakut for the first time. The detachment returned in a slightly different way
– first to the upper reaches of the Lena, then walked to the Angara, another right tributary of the Yenisei, and reached Turukhansk by water. Several other pioneers came to Yakutia after Penda.In 1632, Pyotr Beketov, the commander of a streltsy detachment, 100-strong, built the Lena ostrog*, the present-day Yakutsk, which bacame a base for the further advancement of the Russians eastward. Seven years later, in 1639, they reached the “end of the world” – a Cossack detachment, headed by Ivan Moskvitin, reached the shore of the Pacific near the present-day port of Okhotsk. By the late 17th century, the Russians had information, although incomplete, about the whole of the Far East, including Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands.
* The ostrog is the Russian name for a fortification which was usually erected on a steep river bank. Housing constructions would be surrounded by wooden walls with turrets where cannons would be placed. Sometimes the ostrog was enclosed by a dirt bank and encircled within a deep moat.
Answer the questions:
1.When did Nikifor Penda and his people begin their march?
2.What kind of transportation did they use?
3.Where did Penda’s detachment meet the Yakuts for the first time?
4.What was Pyotr Beketov?
5.When and how was Yakutsk founded? What significance did it have?
6.When did the Cossack detachment headed by Ivan Moskvitin reach the Pacific?
7.When did the Russians have the information about the whole of the Far East?
40
Make up sentences about the first explorers of the Russian Far East, using the key-words in the columns:
1620s |
Ivan Moskvitin |
Lena Ostrog |
1632 |
The Russians |
Okhotsk |
1639 |
Nikifor Penda |
the whole of the Far East |
the late 17th century |
Pyotr Beketov |
the Yakut |
What geographical discoveries were made as the pioneers went on their travels?
In 1640, the Cossacks from Moskvitin’s detachment were first Europeans to come to Sakhalin. In 1648, Cossack Semyon Dezhnev was the first to sail through the strait which separates Asia from America. In the same year, Fedot Popov, who took part in Dezhnev’s march, was the first Russian to come to
Kamchatka. In 1651-1653, Yerofei Khabarov, a former peasant and later a seafarer, drew a detailed map of the upper and middle reaches of the river Amur, almost up to the present city of Khabarovsk. For a long time this map was the main source of drawing maps by Russian and foreign geographers. In 1697, Siberian Cossack Vladimir Atlasov gave the first information about Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands (Fedot Popov died from scurvy in Kamchatka before he could tell the government about his discovery). So the Russian pioneers also made their contribution to the great geographical discoveries of the 15th-17th centuries which is shown by geographical names. For example, the northeasternmost point in Asia (Cape Dezhnev), a range in the Chukchi Peninsula and a bay in the Bering Sea were named after Dezhnev. A tributary of the River Kamchatka was named Fedotovshchina (after Fedot Popov). One of the largest cities in the Far East was named after Khabarov – the city of Khabarovsk. One of the Kurile Islands was named after Atlasov.
Explain the dates:
1640, 1648, 1651-1653, 1697.
Who was Bering after whom a sea, a strait and an island were named?
Vitus Bering (1681-1741), a Dane by nationality, served as an officer in the Russian navy. He was a prominent seafarer. He headed two Russian expeditions to Kamchatka (in 1725-1730 and in 1733-1734). Like Dezhnev, he sailed between the Chukchi Peninsula and Alaska (Bering Strait), but only from the south, reached North America and discovered a number of the Aleutian Islands. Returning to Kamchatka, Bering died in the winter of 1741 on an island which now bears his name and is one of the Commander Islands which are also named