Материал: Аврамова NUCLEAR ENGLISH 2013
8.This reactor is designed for both uranium and plutonium fuel.
9.Both fission and fusion seem promising for space propulsion applications.
10.Both solar power and wind power are already used, though on a small scale.
11.Both protons and neutrons can be obtained in a free state.
Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of «either… or…», «neither…nor…».
either – также (в отрицательных предложениях) – наречие either of – любой (из двух), один (из двух), и тот и другой, ни
тот ни другой
either – или (союз)
either… or – либо… либо, ни… ни (в отрицательных предложени-
ях)
neither… nor – ни… ни
neither – никакой, ни один (прилагательное) neither – также не (наречие)
1.Either of these two particles may be of use.
2.Depending on the plant design, the water either boils in the reactor vessel or in a separate circuit.
3.High-level waste (HLW) may be either the used fuel itself or the waste separated in reprocessing it.
4.In either case the amount is small.
5.Either way, after 40-50 years the heat and radioactivity fall to one thousandth of the original level.
6.Most star products are either stable nuclei or nuclei decaying via electron capture.
7.Neither of the two values is correct.
8.Neither of these phenomena has yet been studied.
9.The universe is neither solid, nor liquid, nor gaseous.
10.Neither of these modes of radioactive decay is important to nuclear reactors.
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ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ
1.Смирнова С.Н. Учебное пособие «История атомных идей». – ОИАТЭ, Обнинск, 1990.
2.Статьи из английских и американских периодических изданий
«Scientific American», «Nuclear Science and Engineering», «Nuclear
Europe Worldscan» и др., 2007–2012.
3.Ресурсы Интернет (www.wired.com, www.worldnuclear.org, www.iaea.org, www.energy.gov и т.д.).
4.Zoellner T. Uranium: War, Energy and the Rock that Shaped the World. – Viking Penguin, 2009.
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ |
|
Introduction .................................................................................................... |
3 |
Unit I. The Structure of the Atom. The Atom Quiz ......................................... |
4 |
Reading 1-A. The Thomson Atom: Discovering the Electron......................... |
5 |
Reading 1-B. The Rutherford Atom ................................................................ |
8 |
Reading 1-C. Quantum Mechanics Throws Light on the Atom: The Bohr |
|
Model ............................................................................................................. |
12 |
Unit 2. Reading 2-A. Quark Hypothesis ...................................................... |
19 |
Reading 2-B. Classification of Quarks ........................................................ .. |
23 |
Reading 2-C. The Mysterious Neutrino ........................................................ |
24 |
Reading 2-D. Nanotechnology ...................................................................... |
25 |
Unit 3. Reading 3-A. Radiation and Radioactivity..................................... .. |
27 |
Reading 3-B. Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays............................................... .. |
30 |
Reading 3-C. The Discovery of Radioactivity .............................................. |
31 |
Reading 3-D. How Dangerous is Radiation................................................... |
34 |
Reading 3-E. Radiation Facts ........................................................................ |
36 |
Nuclear Radiation Quiz................................................................................ |
37 |
Unit 4. Reading 4-A. Nuclear Fission and Chain Reaction.......................... . |
39 |
Reading 4-B. Emission of Neutrons ............................................................. . |
42 |
Reading 4-C. A Walk in the Snow ................................................................ |
44 |
Reading 4-D Architect of the Nuclear Age.................................................... |
45 |
Reading 4-E. Nuclear Scientists and the Nuclear Bomb ............................... |
48 |
Unit 5. Reading 5-A. Nuclear Reactor Primer ............................................. . |
50 |
Reading 5-B. Chicago Pile-1 ........................................................................ . |
57 |
Reading 5-C. Reactor Types.......................................................................... |
59 |
Reading 5-D. What is in Nuclear Power?...................................................... |
59 |
Unit 6. Reading 6-A. Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power Plants..................... . |
62 |
Reading 6-B. The Problem of Safety............................................................ . |
66 |
Reading 6-C. Nuclear Accidents that Shook the World ................................ |
70 |
Reading 6-D. The «Atoms for Peace» Agency.............................................. |
73 |
Nuclear Power Quiz ..................................................................................... |
74 |
Appendix. Linking Devices ........................................................................... |
76 |
Используемые источники ......................................................................... |
87 |
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