Материал: Учебник Самара Самарский государственный технический университет 2021

3. 
   Fill in the gaps with the words from Ex. 2 in the correct form.
   

1. This __________ approach, and it gives the necessary degree of flexibility for the powers to achieve their objective.

2. 
   Engineers are __________ because they want to know how and why things work.
   
3. 
   There’s no easy __________ to this problem.
   
4. 
   We tend to make __________ about people at work based on our first impressions.
   
5. 
   You should __________ this information before using it in your work.
   
6. 
   Their website is fairly plain, but very easy to __________.
   
7. 
   There are several personality traits that most engineers __________.
   
8. 
   __________ spirit is very important during the project work.
   
9. 
   Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest __________ faced by scientists today.
   
10. 
    Can we __________this room into a comfortable office?
    

4. Analyze personality traits of engineers and point out the reasons of their importance.TOP PERSONALITY TRAITS OF ENGINEERS“Engineering problems are under-defined, there are many solutions, good, bad and indifferent. The art is to arrive at a good solution. This is a creative activity, involving imagination, intuition and deliberate choice.”(Ove Arup, Danish British engineer and founder of Arup Group Limited)Industrial, chemical, software, civil, electrical, and mechanical are all words that come before the title of engineer. Each of these professions do very different things in order to change the way we live. Collectively, they work to make our daily personal and professional lives more comfortable, safer, and easier to navigate. There are several personality traits that most engineers share, among them are curiosity, critical thinking, creativity, effective communication, and a collaborative spirit.1. CuriosityChildren who spend hours taking apart toys just to see how they work are the kind of kids who grow up to be engineers. Engineers are curious because they want to know how and why things work as they do. For many engineers, once they have this understanding, their thinking morphs into how they can make it better, faster, and more efficient for less money!2. Critical ThinkingEngineers need to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information to make objective judgements and recommendations. They rely on these critical thinking skills in every stage of their work, particularly when it comes to decision-making. Engineers who can think critically, are able to handle the wide variety of technical, administrative, policy, and interpersonal communication challenges that arise within a day’s work or a project’s timeline.3. CreativityMany may think that the words “creative” and “engineer” are mutually exclusive. At first glance, it would seem that in a field structured by math and science there would be little to no room for a creative spirit but when one looks more deeply, the creative engineer is changing the way we live and work as creativity often spurs innovation! It was a creative engineer who converted another glue-based project into Sticky Notes.4. Effective CommunicationAn engineer, in any industry, can have brilliant ideas for a project but if he or she cannot articulate those ideas to management, teammates, clients, and other stakeholders they are of no use. Effective engineers understand that clear, concise, written and verbal communication is the key to giving their ideas life and their team a competitive edge. Succinct communication becomes even more important in today’s global business context where language and meaning often become lost in translation. While it is true that many graduate programs in engineering place little focus on teaching students these skills, there are plenty of resources such as books, podcasts, and webinars of which engineers may avail themselves in order to improve their ability to effectively communicate.5. A Collaborative SpiritEngineers do not work in a vacuum. They work with other engineers, supply chain management, financial and project managers, and others from various business units. Engineers are tasked with contributing to collaborative and cross-functional teams to ensure integrated development. The more easily an engineer can collaborate with a team, the more likely the project or product will be successful.

Engineers who remain curious throughout their lives, while employing sharp critical thinking skills, combined with the ability to clearly communicate their ideas in a creative and collaborative way, are those who will continue to ease the way in which people navigate their world.5. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.Прийти к решению, ориентироваться, творческая деятельность, осознан­ный выбор, любопытный, иметь общие черты характера, оценивать, навыки критического мышления, принятие решения, справляться с проблемами, пре­вращать, доносить идеи, конкурентное преимущество, воспользоваться чем-либо, сфокусироваться, делать вклад во что-либо, многофункциональный.6. a) Match the words to get word combinations:

1) handle	a) spirit
2) ensure	b) oneself of something
3) spur	c) judgements
4) articulate	d) challenges
5) competitive	e) innovation
6) evaluate	f) information
7) collaborative	g) the way
8) make	h) edge
9) avail	i) development
10) ease	j) ideas

b) Fill in the gaps using the words from (a) in the correct form and answer the questions.1. What techniques do you use to __________ communication challenges? 2. Is the ability to __________ ideas to your colleagues important for successful work? 3. What working conditions can __________ innovations? 4. What skills do you need to make objective __________?5. What can ensure __________ in a project team? 6. How do you understand the notion of “collaborative __________”? 7. Are there any resources you __________ yourself to improve your thinking skills? 8. What information do you have to __________ if you want to start working for a particular company? 9. What does the competitive __________ of the company depend on? 10. What skills can ease the __________ to make a career in engineering? 7. a) Match the verbs with the prepositions:

1) to arrive	a) from
2) to focus	b) at
3) to combine	c) to
4) to do	d) on
5) to benefit	e) without
6) to adapt	f) on with
7) to take	g) with
8) to get	h) on

b) Translate the sentences.1. Навыки критического мышления помогут достигнуть правильного решения.2. Этот семинар нацелен на развитие командного взаимодействия.3. Я всегда стараюсь быть в хороших отношениях с коллегами.4. Проектная команда не может обойтись без креативного подхода в своей работе.5. Не следует брать так много на себя, у нас мало времени.6. Я легко адаптируюсь к новым ситуациям.7. Наша работа только выиграет от участия мотивированных сотрудников. 8. Если навыки общения скомбинированы с гибким подходом, ежедневные вопросы могут быть легко решены.8. What are your partner’s talents and abilities? Add some extra questions to the chart below. Then interview your partner, check () the answers and tell other groupmates about your partner’s personality.

Are you …	Yes	No	Do you have …	Yes	No
good with numbers?			a good memory?
good at fixing things?			a good imagination?
aimed at making a career in engineering?			common sense?
a good public speaker?			critical thinking skills?
well organized?			a good concentration?
a responsible person?			language skills?

Based on your partner’s answers, in what profession do you think your partner could best use his or her talents?9. If you are given a project or an assignment to work on, how do you behave? Do you make detailed plans for how to proceed? Do you prefer to jump right in and see where the work takes you? Use examples of words with positive and negative meaning to describe your approach to work.

Positive

• 
  Active: always busy with something
  
• 
  Ambitious: strongly wants to succeed
  
• 
  Cautious: being very careful
  
• 
  Conscientious: taking time to do things right
  
• 
  Creative: someone who can make up things easily or think of new things
  
• 
  Curious: always wanting to know things
  
• 
  Logical: using clear and sound reasoning
  
• 
  Organized: dealing with one’s affairs efficiently
  
• 
  Perfectionist: wants everything to be done right and perfectly
  
• 
  Precise: careful and with great attention to detail
  

Negative

• 
  Anxious: worried, uneasy, ornervous
  
• 
  Careless: not being careful; rushing into things
  
• 
  Impatient: quickly irritated and easily provoked
  
• 
  Lazy: unwilling to work or showing a lack of effort
  
• 
  Rigid: being unwilling to change one’s outlook, belief, or response
  
• 
  Scatterbrained: inattentive and forgetful
  
• 
  Slapdash: performing work quickly and carelessly
  
• 
  Sober: serious, sensible, orsolemn
  
• 
  Undisciplined: lacking in discipline
  
• 
  Volatile: changing moods very quickly
  

10. Simply stating you’re a team player, for instance, isn’t enough for most hiring managers. That’s why it’s important to take simple adjectives and turn them into skills that can be transferred to the job.

1. 
   Match the character features with their description:
   

adventurous / creative / devoted / ambitious / cheerful / easygoing / smart / curious / flexible / determined / competitive / confident / diligent / efficient / talkative / responsible / energetic / enthusiastic / open-minded

1. ________________: I can juggle multiple tasks.2. ________________: I am eager to learn something new. 3. ________________: I easily adapt to new situations. 4. ________________: I develop a positive work environment.5. ________________: I take risks.6. ________________: I always work my hardest.7. ________________: I am self-motivated.8. ________________: I am committed to the company’s success. 9. ________________: I take constructive criticism well.10. _______________: I am driven to succeed.11. _______________: I do my best to perform better than others.12. ________________: I am not afraid to express my opinion, if I am sure it is right.13. _______________: I always finish a task on time.14. _______________: I think outside the box.15. _______________: I have very quick turnover time.16. _______________: I am able to work long and hard hours.17. _______________: I am comfortable initiating a dialogue. 18. _______________: I put my all into every project.19. _______________: I am able to adapt to any situation.

2. 
   Give your own explanation to the following personality traits and match them with the skills:
   

public speaking skills / leader skills / teamwork skills / learning skills / written communication skills / people skills / creative thinking skills / problem solving skills / time management skills

• 
  Educated: __________________________
  
• 
  Friendly: ___________________________
  
• 
  Charismatic: ________________________
  
• 
  Focused: ___________________________
  
• 
  Imaginative: ________________________
  
• 
  Cooperative: ________________________
  
• 
  Articulate: __________________________
  
• 
  Literate: ____________________________
  
• 
  Organized: __________________________
  

11. What kind of workers can you meet in your office? How can they be characterized? Match the personalities and their actions

:

Personality	Action
1) a multitasker	a) … can identify long-term goals.
2) a strategist	b) … is risk-averse; provide stability and fairness.
3) a decider	c) … thinks out of the box; challenge the status quo.
4) a cautious person	d) … does not perform a single function; does whatever is necessary.
5) an independent thinker	e) … works effectively with others; are flexible enough to get along well with a variety of personalities and work styles.
6) a team player	f) … can use his own judgment and take decisive action; takes responsibility for the outcome; handle stressful situations.
7) a leader	g) … paves the way to the team to walk on a successful path.

12. Turn the following into the passive.Example: I am rather shy. I don’t like when somebody talks about me in public. –I am rather shy and don’t like to be talked about in public.1. He is very proud of his articles. He likes when other researchers refer to them.2. She is helpful. Anyone may count on her no matter what circumstances are. 3. My colleague is a very sensible man. You can rely on him in any situation.4. He is so well-organized that you cannot find fault with him.5. They are conscious about environment protection issues and like when others deal with them carefully. 6. She is a loyal person in many questions. You can arrive at a compromise with her easily.7. He is a charismatic leader. He requires his team members to follow him in all projects.8. She is very busy with her work now. She doesn’t like when somebody interferes with her working process.13. Translate the words in brackets using appropriate modal verbs.Employees (должны) possess many skills and traits, so it (возможно) be hard to produce a resume that stands out from the crowd. A resume (должно) show potential employers a wide range of skills, and that you (способен) to adapt to any situation. An employer (нужно) to have workers that (умеют) complete tasks on their own, and (смогут) to change their priorities when necessary. Sometimes they (придется) perform more than one task at a time. Possible candidates (следует) never be lazy and lack ambition. If you (смог) once be trusted with company responsibilities, you (возможно) be relied upon in different situations. Dependable employees (возможно) be the first in line to become leaders and managers. By putting your best foot forward with your resume first, you (можешь) be on your way to your dream job.14. a) Two people talk about themselves. Which speaker does which job?Speaker ______ is a hairdresser.Speaker ______ is a carpenter.Speaker 1: It’s important to be cheerful and friendly in my job. I get on well with people, which is lucky because I spend most of my day talking to people. I’m on my feet all day so the job is quite tiring but I’m very enthusiastic about my work and I’m quite ambitious – I’d like to own my own salon one day.Speaker 2: I’m an energetic person and physically fit. I like to be doing things. I enjoy my job and don’t mind working indoors or outdoors. I’m good with my hands and enjoy being creative – I sometimes design cupboards or shelves for people. I’m not really ambitious – I’m quite happy with what I’m doing.b) Think of any two engineering professions and write a description of them in terms of personality traits like in the examples above.