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20.What should we do to achieve efficient network?

21.What should we do to achieve efficient production?

22.What should we do to achieve sustainable environment?

23.What should we do to achieve financial viability?

24.Read and translate.

Some other tools to achieve in practice the goals described above. СибАДИ•Planned preventive maintenance contributes to longevity of the fixed assets, and

reduces the cost of maintenance. The lifetime of the pipelines can be 50 years or more. •High quality of circulation water is vital to eliminate corrosion and blocking of pipelines

and armatures •Advanced IT systems used in operation, maintenance and financial administration may substantiallyreduce man-power needs and improve the quality.

•Economy of DH depends on the length of the DH network. •Competitiveness depends on the relative prices of electricity (HP), gas (GH) and DH.

25. Read the text and give the title.

The heat pump requires electricity. This is actually generated by the local CHP plant – even though purchased from the grid. The heat energy produced by the heat pump reduces the heat production of the CHP plant A part of the CHP power turns to separate (condensing) power due to reduced CHP heat production The heat pump needs electric energy to generate heat. The primary energy consumption increases while the heat pump takes over heat load from the CHP plant.

26. Get acquainted with municipal waste incineration practice in Vienna, Austria.

•Three waste incineration plants. •Municipal waste as fuel.

•Wien Energy – company handles 800.000 tons of various waste annually. •The plants are situated inside the city area.

•The plant is located near to a large hospital (200 m). •Tourist attraction

The waste incineration plant was designed by the architect Hundertwasser

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27. Get acquainted with the best practice with DHC and CHP. Helsinki, Finland.

Comprehensive DHC and CHP:

•DH covers 93% of the total heat demand in Helsinki with the remainder coming from individual heat pumps, oil and electric heating.

•1230 km of underground heating networks and more than 10.000 customers (buildings) exist in the integral DH system.

•More than 90% of DH energy is produced by CHP. СибАДИ•The annual energy efficiency of CHP exceeds 90% which is one of highest

in the world.

•7 large CHP units, 5 heat pumps and more than 10 peak load boilers are connected to one integral network.

•Fast expanding district cooling system despite being a capital with cold climate conditions.

•The EU has ranked DHC and CHP in Helsinki as Best Available Technology.

28. Get acquainted with DH and CHP international statistics.

29. Match countries with problems.

1. Strong growth while replacing small and polluting coal fired boilers with DH and facilitating expanding cities with DH services

2. Growing need to modernize the existing old and deteriorated DH systems to reduce losses and improve reliability

3. Small DH systems exist mainly between state owned buildings (hospitals, military, university, office) but not much on residential area. Low prices of energy and low interest at private sector and relatively weak municipalities make DH expansion challenging.

A) The USA and Canada В) China С) Russia

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