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LESSON 2. BIOENERGY PLANT

Read the text and define the core points. Write the summary of it.

Denmark's largest bioenergy plant is now in use and supplies power to the electricity grid as well as district heating to local towns. Inside, the biogas plant is a complex maze of stainless steel. The biogas is

СибАДИalready flowing through the pipes, and engines work in transforming it into electricity and heat. 650,000 tons of manure and other biomass will each year be converted to almost 18 million cubic meters of biogas. A large part of the gas will be used in the processes at the biogas plant, another large portion will be sent to a local district heating plant; while the remaining amount produces power for the grid and district heating for the consumers in the neighboring cities Struer and Holstebro.

Every day a stream of trucks arrives with manure from the 150 farmers who supply the plant. The slurry is finely chopped and degassed in the large tanks, after which it is heat-treated and driven back to the fields. The trucks will be cleaned while they deliver their cargo, and after this they always bring back the digested slurry when they return. In addition to the slurry Bioenergy plant also processes a large amount of organic industrial waste. So far an agreement with diary group Arla's dairies is the most significant.

Here 200 million cups of cream cheese are produced annually, which means that on an annual basis approximately 98.000 tons of cheese whey will be left. Previously, the whey was transferred to local farms where it was used as feed, but in the future it will be sent via a 2.7 km underground pipeline to the biogas plant. This is easy on the roads and the environment, and means 135.000 km less truck driving per year.

Bioenergy plant is owned by the utilities Vestforsyning (71.4%) and Struer Forsyning (28.6%). According to manager Knud Schousboe the technology is actually not new and one might say that Bioenergy plant has tried to collect the best experiences from elsewhere. He emphasizes the fact that Bioenergy plant is constructed as one huge building, unlike many other plants which end up consisting of a series of smaller buildings. The advantage of a single large building is partly that it is cheaper and partly that it assembles the technique and thus makes operation and maintenance of the facility easier in the future.

The location near the plant means that there is a boiler system nearby, which can buy the biogas. Therefore, Bioenergy plant does not have a boiler itself, which results in a nice saving. The system also only has a gas storage facility that can accommodate about 5-6 hours of biogas, when the plant is in full production. Therefore, it is important that the system has as many outlet channels, as is the case.

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Ex.3. Match word combinations from Ex.2.with its Russian equivalent.

Биоэнергетический завод, нержавеющая сталь, соседние города, поток грузовиков, большие баки, промышленные отходы, произведенные ежегодно, местные фермы, подземный трубопровод, лучший опыт.

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5. The truck will be ……….. while they deliver their cargo.

LESSON 3. GREEN, GREENER, THE GREENEST

Read the text and define the core points. Write the summary of it.

Biogas is basically green energy, but there are still subtle differences that are important. Bioenergy plant has chosen to divide the biogas production in a pure green line and an industrial line. It is a well-known fact that is almost impossible to initiate efficient biogas production with just manure. Typically, biologically industrial waste is added, e. g. from slaughterhouses end dairies, because it triggers the decay and thus boosts the biogas production.

The approach is also used at bioenergy plant - but according to strict parameters. In short, not all types of organic industrial waste can be added to the green line. The degassed manure should obviously be returned to the fields as a genuinely green product, and thus it can only be mixed with certain materials. Industrial waste that does not meet the criteria goes to the industrial line instead.

Although bioenergy plant for the most part is built by known technology, the pant does boost a novelty an off –site receiving station When a plant is as

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huge as this one so much manure is called for that the nearest neighbor: not enough in order to restrict the transportation, a receiving station has been built 16 km from the plant. Here, truck deliver raw slurry and pick up digested slurry. Fresh manure is pumped into bioenergy plant through a pipe, ant degassed liquid manure will be returned in a parallel pipe.

The process has proved to be more expensive and demanding than expected.

Therefore, to begin with, only one race, station has been built, although two had СибАДИactually been planned. The plan now is to gather experience before the second is built. Pumping raw slurry over such large distances has also proven to more

difficult than expected. The slurry is lumpy and difficult to pump, and it requires considerably more pumping power than anticipated. More booster stations must

be built and these require power and SCADA control. However, bioenergy plant will still be repaid in 20 years.

The duo bioenergy and the plant might be extended with yet another teammate plans for an ethanol plant have in fact begun to take shape. The ethanol will be extracted from straw, and an added bonus is that the waste products of the process can be utilized. The biogas plant can benefit greatly from the sugar-like mass which is the result of the waste product. When the sugar is added in the slurry tanks, the decay is increased and the production of biogas is increased fivefold. In addition to the sugar mixture a fiber fraction is created. This can be used at the plant as a supplement to the waste that the plant combusts at its waste line. The local area cannot deliver the waste amounts needed by the plant to operate efficiently. With the liberalized waste market in mind it is uncertain how much waste can be had in the future. Therefore, a stable supplier as the plant's neighbors will be appreciated. The preliminary discussions about the ethanol plant are in progress. The goal is to start production in 2016.

Ex.1. True or false.

1. It is possible to initiate efficient biogas production with just manure. 2. All types of organic industrial waste can be added to the green line. 3. The degassed manure should be returned to the field.

4. Trucks will deliver raw slurry and pick up digested slurry.

5. The process is proved to be cheap.

6. The slurry is liquid and easy to pump.

7. More booster stations must be built.

8. The salt is added in the slurry tanks.

9. In addition to the sugar mixture a fiber fraction is created.

10.The local area can deliver enough waste to operate the plant efficiently.

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Ex.2. Match two columns and make word combinations (as they are given in the text).

Ex.3. Match word combinations from Ex.2.with its Russian equivalent.

Промышленные отходы, жесткие параметры, конкретные параметры,

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