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4.The great rise of sociology (to be replaced) by a burgeoning of business studies in the 1960s.
5.The skills of management (to be tought) in the 1960s.
Ex.3 Say whether these statements are true or false:
1.All students do full-time courses.
2.Many students have jobs and attend classes in the evenings or on one or two days a week.
3.The first degree of Bachelor can be attained by students who pass their university examinations.
4.Some students continue to study for degree of Master.
5.Each university has its own organization.
6.Students are required to write numerous essays or seminar papers.
7.University extra-mural departments provide a great range of evening classes.
8.Modern government policies cannot neglect the role of education in developing the skills needed in the contemporary world.
9.Computers have an increasing role in the ability to make effective use of languages.
10.There is a new emphasis on the role of the education in preparing people for their future functions in the economy.
Ex.4 Complete the sentences:
1.Most formal education after school is done … .
2.They are specialized or mostly maintained … .
3.The students are of all ages, including order people … .
4.Bachelors’ degrees are usually awarded on … .
5.Most people who become BA, BSc, etc, do so it … .
6.Degrees of Master need two further years of study with … .
7.Higher-degree study is more common among students of … .
8.The universities have always been independent of both … .
9.Each university has a council as its own effective … .
10.A governing body is composed of … .
Ex.5 Insert the prepositions if necessary:
1.A vice-chancellor is appointed … - the Council.
2.Some essays or seminar papers may be used … assessment towards the class … degree awarded.
3.There are usually not more than twelve students … each teacher … a department.
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4.Anyone wanting to enter … a university gets copies … several … prospectures describing its courses and an application form … Universities’ Central Council … Admissions.
5.Applicants may be interviewed … lecturers who decide which … the applicants to accept.
6.Some … evening classes are led … full-time extra-mural tutors, others … regular lecturers … their spare time.
7.A recent change … policy has enabled some … evening courses to end … formal examinations, and diplomas … the successful students.
8.The Open University has devised to satisfy the needs … working people … any age who wish to study … their spare time … degrees.
9.Anyone can buy a whole “library” … short coursebooks … post or … any major bookshop.
10.Most course work is run … part-time tutors, many of whom are lecturers … other universities.
Ex.6 Answer the questions:
1.What has the great rise of sociolody in the 1960s been replaced by?
2.Who do most polytechnic students study?
3.What is the government’ provision for languages in general directed to?
4.May the students of all ages spread their studies? Where?
5.There has been great progress with adult education, hasn’t there? In what way?
6.Does each university have a quota of new students?
7.In what way is the teaching done?
8.What does each university have? How many faculties and departments?
9.What governing bodies of the system of education do you know?
10.Whom are universities mostly maintained by?
Ex.7 Make up a brief rendering of the text. You must do the following:
a)read the following text again;
b)divide the text into several parts;
c)put a question to each part (make up a plan);
d)find out the main idea of each part;
e)make up a short topic.
Ex.8 Make up and act a short dialogue about education after school in our country or any city.
Ex.9 What information can you give about entering the academy:
a)what was the most difficult thing for you and why?
b)Why did you enter the academy?
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The University of Oxford The University of Cambridge the Middle Ages
the King the Test Act
Thirty-nine Apticles of the Church of England the Thames
Iris
the Cherwell
from Putney to Mort lake Honorary Degrees
the Sheldonian Theatre the River Cam Newton
Rutherford Byron Darwin
Ex.2 Read the following words correctly:
a. [ ] corporate |
seriously |
considerable |
undergraduate |
abolish |
distance |
tributary |
discipline |
separate |
|
b.ed admitted, supported, abolished, founded, favoured, varied, concerned, described, connected, conducted, trained, governed
c.ing punting, boating, rowing, conferring, commemorating, opening, dominating, learning, studying, reading, parking
Ex.3 Read and translate the text:
Oxford and Cambridge are famous university centers. The University of Oxford may be said to date from 1214.
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The college corporate institutions with special rules and privileges came into being during the Middle Ages. At first any graduates were full members of them. And then all undergraduates were admitted to them.
The 13th 14th centuries saw many quarrels between the students and townfolk. The King gave his support to the University which gained considerable influence over the town and its trade. In 1672 the Test Act required all students to subscribe to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England. This requirement was not abolished for another two hundred years.
Oxford is built on the ground whish is actually a peninsula founded on the west and south by the Thames or Iris, as it is called here, and on the east by a tributary, the Cherwell. Punting on the Cherwell is favoured those whose tastes in boating are relaxation exercise, but on the Iris it is rowing which holds pride of place. This sport is taken very seriously by many undergraduates and there is great rivalry between college crews. The height of a rowing man’s ambition is to gain his “blue” that is to row against Cambridge in the annual contest on the
Thames from Putney to Mort lake.
Academic life in Oxford is full and varied. Some of the occasions are solemn, some exciting, and a few unashamedly frivolous. The three principal annual events are Commemoration, Congregation and Convocation. The first is mainly concerned with the conferring of Honorary Degrees, the ceremony commemorating the opening of the Sheldonian Theatre in 1669. Associated with it are the celebrations of the Encaenia. Meetings of Congregation and Convocation are conducted with all the splendour and ceremony which tradition demands.
Every college of the University has its own library, and many of them are very large and comprehensive. The University Museum is one of the principal museums in Oxford.
Cambridge is situated at a distance of 70 miles from London on the left bank of the river Cam. For modern Cambridge has been described as perhaps the only true University Town in England. The dominating factor in Cambridge is its well-known University, a centre of education and learning, closely connected with the life and thought of Great Britain. Newton, Byron, Darwin, Rutherford and many other scientists and writers were educated at Cambridge. In Cambridge everything centers on the University and its colleges.
The oldest college is Peterhouse which was founded in 1284. The most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. The most famous is probably King’s, because of its magnificent chapel. Its choir of boys and undergraduates is also very well-known.
The University was exclusively for men until 1871 when the first women’s college was opened. Another was opened two years later, and third in 1954. In the 1970s, most colleges opened their doors to both men and women. Almost all colleges now are mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal members of both sexes. Untill today there are more than twenty colleges in
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Cambridge. There is a close connection between the University and colleges, though they are quite separate in theory and practice.
Each college has its own building, its own internal organization, its own staff and students. In order to enter the university, one must first apply to a college and become a member of the university through the college. The colleges are not connected with any particular study. Students studying literature, for example, and those trained for physics may belong to one and the same college. However the fact is that one is to be a member of a college in order to be a member of the University.
The colleges are governed by twenty or thirty fellows. Fellows of a college are tutors (teachers often called “dons”). Each tutor has 10-12 students reading under his guidance. Tutors teach their own subject to those students in the college who are studying it, and they are responsible for their progress.
Every college is governed by a dean. Discipline is looked after by proctors and numerous minor officials called “bulldogs”.
The University is like a federation of colleges. It arranges the courses, the lectures and the examinations, and grants the degrees.
A college is a group of buildings forming a square with a green lawn in the centre. An old tradition does not allow the students to walk on the grass: this is the privilege of professors and head-students only. However most of the colleges allow visitors to enter the grounds and country-yards.
Students study at the University for four years, three terms a year. Long vacation lasts about three months. There are many libraries at Cambridge, some of them have rare collections of books. In one of them among the earliest books by Shakespeare and other great writers one may see an early description of Russia by an Englishman on diplomatic service there (in 1591) and a Russian reading book of the seventeenth century.
Untill 1964 undergraduates (students studying for a first degree) had to wear black cloaks, called gowns, afferdark, but now they are obliged to wear them for dinner and some lectures. This tradition is fast disappearing, but one which is still upheld is that of punting on the Cam. It is a favourite summer pastime for students to take food, drink, guitars (or, alas, transistor radio) and girl friends on to a punt (a long, slim boat, rather like a gondola) and sail down the river, trying very hard to forget about exams. Many students feel that they have not been christened into the University untill they have fallen from a punt into the River Cam. This has almost become a tourist attraction.
Students also have an official excuse to “let themselves loose” once a year
(usually in November) on Rag Day. On this day, hundreds of different schemes are thought up to collect money for charity, and it is not unusual to see students in the streets playing guitars, pianos, violins, singing, dancing, fishing in drains for money, or even just lying in beds suspended over the street swinging a buckets for money to be thrown into.
Such tradition often helps to make Cambridge almost as idyllic today as it was in the 13th century. The parking meters in the main street of King’s Parade