12
Соединенное Королевство, один из важнейших портов мира, на обоих берегах реки Темзы, в 1 веке до н.э., покинутый, торговый центр, выбирать своего правителя, три четверти города, здания из кирпича, чтобы уменьшить риск будущих пожаров, стремительно разросся, на вершине имперской мощи, форма трубы, линии, связывающие Лондон с пригородом, полная протяженность, в сердце Лондона, Королевская биржа, роскошные отели, среди них, правительственные офисы, промышленный район, коммерческая деятельность страны.
Ex.3 Complete the sentences:
1.London is the capital of … .
2.The Romans left London … .
3.By the 8th century London … .
4.Medieval London grew … .
5.The Great Fire of 1666 … .
6.The old wooden houses were replaced … .
7.During the 19th century London spread … .
8.The city is the financial centre with … .
9.The West End is known for … .
10.The East End is very important … .
Ex.4 Expand the statements:
1.London is the capital of the UK.
2.London is an ancient city.
3.The Great Fire of 1666 destroyed the city.
4.During the 19th century London spread rapidly into the suburbs.
5.London is divided into three parts.
Ex.5 Answer the questions:
1.Where is London situated?
2.Who founded London?
3.When did London become a capital of England?
4.When did Londoners win the right to elect Lord of Mayor?
5.What happened in 1666?
6.Why did London Underground get the name of the Tube?
7.Why is the City called the financial centre of the UK?
8.In what part of London are the historical places and famous parks situated?
9.What are the best known streets of the West End?
10.What is the industrial part of London?
Ex.6 Prove the statements:
13
1.London is a large city.
2.The Romans took an active part in developing London.
3.London Underground is the oldest and longest in Europe.
4.The name “West End” is associated with wealth, luxury and the history of England.
5.The East End is the industrial part of London.
Ex.7 Make up the dialogues:
1.The history of London.
2.Parts of London.
Ex.8 a) form new parts of speech by adding the suffixes: -al, -ing, -er, -en, -ant, -ly and others:
economy, policy, culture, trade, to lead, importance, wood, rapid, large, to include, actual, usual, to connect, finance, tradition, history, fame, shop, luxury, industry, nation, centre, interest.
b) form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives:
large, old, long, great, famous, important, good.
Ex.9 Make the sentences Passive:
1.The Romans founded London in the 1st century B.C.
2.In the 5th century the Romans abandoned London and other settlements.
3.The Great Faire of 1666 destroyed three-quarters of the city.
4.Sir Cristopher Wren rebuilt St.Paul’s Cathedral and designed 51 churches.
5.People replaced the wooden houses by buildings of brick to reduce the future fire risk.
6.During the 19th century the British were developing new forms of transport.
7.Londoners often call the old lines the Tube, and the new lines – the Underground.
to be founded – быть основанным
B.C. – before Christ – до рождества Христова, до н.э. to abandon – покидать
Medieval – средневековый [ to elect – выбирать
brick – кирпич
14
to reduce – уменьшать suburb – пригород
to replace – заменять
to spread – распространять (ся) rapidly – стремительно
shape – форма tube – труба
to connect – соединять
extend – протяженность, размер, масштаб to extend – протягивать, протянуть
to divide – разделять, делить
Royal stock exchange – Королевская биржа expensive – дорогой
luxury – роскошь luxurious – роскошный wealth – богатство district – район commerce – коммерция
to design – прoектировать power – власть, мощь
Learn the pronunciation:
The United Kingdom [
Monarchy [
Monarch [
Sovereign [
Commander-in-Chief [
Hereditary [
The Queen [
The Prime Minister [
The Parliament [
The Crown [
Royal Assent [
The Houses of Parliament [
Chamber [
The House of Commons [
The House of Lords [
Peer [
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy. It means that everything in the country officially is done in the name of the Queen, but the power of the
15
Queen is limited by the Parliament, and, in reality, the Prime Minister is responsible for the policy conducted by the Parliament.
The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. Born in 1926, succeeded to the throne in 1952. The monarchy is hereditary. The Queen is the official head of the executive power, the head of Judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all Armed Forces of the Crown. She opens the new session of Parliament, she must give Royal Assent to the law. But she acts not on her own but on the advice of the Government. Therefore, the Queen’s active part in politics is minimal and she serves mostly as a personal symbol of national unity.
The legislative power is represented by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament is the eldest in the world. It consists of two Chambers – the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of 1100 peers who are not elected by the people. Some peers are hereditary, others are life peers; they are people who have served the nation in a special way. The Queen chooses life peers in consultation with the Prime Minister. There are 650 members of the House of Commons, they are chosen by election, and are elected for five years.
After an election, the political party with the largest number of members of the House of Commons forms the government. The Queen appoints the head of the government – the Prime Minister. As a rule it is the leader of the party who has won the election. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to compose his Cabinet. The party which won the second most votes forms the official opposition. Both sit on the two sides of the Hall. One side is for the governing party, the other is for opposition.
There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative Party and the Labour party. The government represents the executive power of the state. The judicial power is represented by the Royal Court.
The united Kingdom does not have a written constitution set out in a single document. The set of rules has been developed over many centuries. Law, which is proposed to the Parliament, is called “a Bill”. When the members vote they leave the House through two doors. On one door is written “Yes”, on the other – “No”. When they are leaving the Hall they are counted by four tellers. If there is enough pressure from the public for change, it is comparatively easy to change a Bill.
Ex.1 Translate into Russian:
parliamentary monarchy, in the name of the Queen, the power is limited, the policy conducted, the present Sovereign, succeeded to the throne, all Armed Forces of the Crown, Royal Assent, personal symbol of national unity, life peer, the second most votes, the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, the Royal Court, written constitution, single document, the set of rules, a bill, comparatively.
16
Ex.2 Translate into English:
официальный, официально, в действительности, монархия передается по наследству, судебная власть, не по своей воле, Палата, правящая партия, веками, давление со стороны общественности, сравнительно легко.
Ex.3 Insert prepositions:
1.Everything in the country is done ... the name of the Queen.
2.… reality, the Prime Minister is responsible … the policy conducted … the Parliament.
3.Born in 1926, succeeded … the throne in 1952.
4.She must give Royal Assent … the law.
5.She acts not … her own but … the advice of the Government.
6.It consists … two Chambers.
7.Life peers are people who have served the nation … a special way.
8.MPs are chosen … election … 5 years.
9.The Queen chooses life peers … consultation with the Prime Minister.
10.Law, which is proposed … the Parliament, is called “a Bill”.
Ex.4 Agree or disagree:
1.The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy.
2.The Queen is the head of the government.
3.The Queen is the head of the Judiciary.
4.The British Parliament is called the Houses of Parliament.
5.The Queen appoints the ministers to form the Cabinet.
6.When the MPs are leaving the Hall they are counted by four tellers.
7.It is difficult to change a bill.
Ex.5 Expand the statements:
1.The power of the Queen is limited.
2.Elizabeth II is a personal symbol of National Unity.
3.In reality, the Prime Minister is the head of the government.
4.There are two Chambers in British Parliament.
5.The U.K. doesn’t have a constitution.
Ex.6 Answer the questions:
1.What is the political system of the U.K.? What does it mean?
2.What is the role of a Sovereign?
3.What chamber of the British Parliament is more active? Why?
4.What political parties are the most important in the U.K.?