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Pavel Shlykov
THE ARMY AND MILITARY ELITE IN THE CONTEXT OF TURKEY’S POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION
IN THE 2000s AND 2010s
Lomonosov Moscow State University
1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991
The paper analyses the changing role of military in the Turkish politics of the 2000s and 2010s. It reflects both the transformation of the civil-military relations and the rethinking of the main internal and external security challenges. The paper scrutinizes the institutional, normative and financial foundations of the Turkish military’s power and its political influence; structural transformations in the organization of the army and the power structure of political and military elite and leadership in Turkey, the reformation of the personnel structure in the Turkish army, and the revision of the national security doctrine. The multifaceted analysis of the transformations in the civilmilitary relations identified a number of the key catalyst factors of these processes. First, the large-scale Europeanisation reforms of the 2000s framed the whole political process in Turkey for the following decade. Second, the rule of the Justice and Development Party, second to none for the multiparty period of the Turkish history in its duration, strengthened the power positions of the ‘civil politics’ in general. Third, within the past decade the main security challenges underwent significant revisions followed by the new approaches to handling these challenges. Fourth, Turkey has recently witnessed the rise of the new conservative political elite that has no piety towards the military. Fifth, there were fundamental changes in the perceptions of the national army by the Turkish society. The overwhelming majority in Turkey now agrees on the necessity to have effective modern national armed forces but refuses to support political ambi-
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tions of the military elite. Another important consequence of the changing civilmilitary relations and new approaches to defining strategic goals for the national army in the 2010s was the extensive military and political expansion of Turkey at both regional and transregional levels embodied in the expanding military cooperation with different states and the rising number of Turkish military bases all around the world.
Key words: Turkey, military elite, civil-military relations, political agency of the military, Turkish model of democracy, civil society, religious communities – jemaats, international security
About the author: Pavel Shlykov – PhD (History), Associate Professor of the Middle East History Department, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University (e-mail: shlykov@iaas.msu.ru).
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