Материал: Практикум по лексикологии английского языка. Часть 2. Семасиология. Фразеология Учебно-методическое пособие

УДК 811.111(07) ББК 143.21я.73 Б 90

Б 90 ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА. Часть 2. Семасиология. Фразеология: учебно-метод. пособие [Электронный ресурс] / Ю.С. Бузуева. – Нижний Новгород: Изд-во ННГУ, 2019. – 26 с.

Рецензент: канд. псих. наук, доцент М.В. Архипова

Данное пособие содержит практический материал необходимый для формирования базовых лингвистических знаний о лексической системе английского языка, ее вариативности и особенностях организации. Во второй части пособия рассматриваются семасиология и фразеология английского языка. Цель пособия – ознакомить студентов с основными особенностями лексического строя английского языка, предотвратить некоторые типичные ошибки в словоупотреблении и при переводе на родной язык. Задания и упражнения, содержащиеся в пособии, способствуют развитию у студентов языковой догадки, совершенствованию умений работы с различными лексикографическими источниками.

Пособие предназначено для студентов 1 года обучения по программе профессиональной переподготовки «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации».

Ответственный за выпуск: председатель методической комиссии ИМОМИ ННГУ к.и.н., доцент Бушуева С.В.

УДК 811.111(07) ББК 143.21я.73

© Нижегородский государственный

университет им. Н.И.Лобачевского, 2019

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Contents

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Part I. Semasiology

Give definitions of the following terms:

Lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, denotational component, connotational component, stylistic reference, evaluative component, emotive charge, context, polysemy, motivation, phonetic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation, metaphor, metonymy, generalization, specialization, elevation, degradation, synonyms, synonymic dominant, ideographic synonyms, stylistic synonyms, context-depending synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, homophones, homographs, euphemisms

1. Analyze the structure of the lexical meaning of the following words. Distinguish between the denotational and connotational components.

Polite-civil, to choose – to select, odd – queer, to shake – to tremble, skilled – proficient, money – cash.

2.Define the denotative and connotative meanings of the components.

a)I suppose muggings will have to do it.

b)Give mummy the doggie then.

c)My brother is terrible. Let’s get rid of this little beastie.

d)Let me get you the aforementioned.

e)We are away to the sunnier climes.

f)Anastasia had to fork out a lot for that present.

g)For us it’s been a real catch-22, because we had the time to take a vacation without having any money.

Polysemy and Context

3. What meaning does a polysemantic word “nice” have in the following sentences? What is the role of the context?

a)One of the nicest things about her is her sense of humour.

b)I asked him in the nicest possible way not to park in front of my garage.

c)He is not very nice to her when he has had a few drinks.

d)The discussion on one of the nice points of law seemed to be endless.

e)You need a nice hot bath after such a tiring day.

f)He has a nice taste in garment.

g)This is a nice mess you’ve got us into!

h)She is not too nice in her business methods.

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4.In the sentences below, the words in bold in lexical system are polysemantic. What meanings are given in a dictionary and what meaning do they have in this particular context?

a)The past year and a half has reminded me in many ways of what it was like when we started the business.

b)The main entrance hall looks like something out of a video game, with a huge vaulted ceiling set off by moody lightning and a row of ejection seats rescued from World War II-era fighter jets.

c)In one test, a quarter-inch steel ball is fired at eyewear, at more than 160 km/h; in another, a heavy steel spike is dropped on a lens.

d)Audiences are so used to easy seductions by movies, with big jokes and jolts, that they may misread or discard potent message of the pictures.

5.From the words in brackets choose correct one to go with each of the synonyms below. In what contexts can these collocations be used?

a)deep, profound, intense ( knowledge, river, silence, personality, cold)

b)bald,hairless (chest, patch, head, tyres, facts, hands)

c)sharp, keen, acute (teeth, knife, turn, patient, eyesight, blade, mind)

d)maintain, perform, do (relations, house, a family, service, ceremony, research, dishes, aerobics

e)discover, invent (continent, restaurant, ball-point, the truth, treasure, characters)

6.Comment on the motivation of the following words.

Conventionalism, to sizzle, absent-mindedness, speechless, go-getter, disreputable, moon, hot-dog, murmur, small (unimportant), cool (fashionable), item, mouse, twitter, sunrise, king, hardship, a writer, town, tongues (of flame), foot, a paper-back, the coat (of a dog).

Metaphor and Metonymy

7. Explain logical associations in the following groups of meanings for the same word. Define the types of transfers.

The foot of a hill – the foot of a young boy; the leg of a table – to hurt one’s leg; the glasses on the nose – the nose of the plane; the wing of a birdthe wing of a building; Peter’s head – the head of a company; my eye hurtsthe eye of a needle; the bridge of the river – the bridge of the nose; the tip of the tongue – the tongue of a bell; the root of a tree – the root of a word; the neck of a girlthe neck of a bottle; the mouth of a river – the mouth of a infant.

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