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Vocabulary:

to flick – щёлкнуть

flicker - короткая вспышка, мерцание

to relay – передавать

set-up - структура, система, настройка

free-space optics - оптическая система в открытом пространстве

to be afoot – готовиться

car headlight – фара автомобиля

tail-light - задний габаритный фонарь

to alert – предупредить об опасности

to snoop – шпионить

to piggy-back on – использовать в своих интересах

broadband connection – широкополосное соединение

transceiver – приемопередатчик

to intercept – перехватывать, задерживать

directional transmitter – передающая радиопеленгаторная станция

obsolete – устаревший

to pursue - следовать

incandescent bulb – лампа накаливания


XII. Find the Participles in the text and define their functions.


XIII. Read the text again and answer the questions.



  1. Explain the title of the text.

  2. What is the role of light for free-space optics?

  3. Where is FSO used today?

  4. What is FSO supposed to be used in future?

  5. How is FSO set up?

  6. What are the advantages of FSO over radio-based communication technologies?

  7. What are the negative sides of FSO?

  8. Why FSO can′t work properly with the existing indoor lighting?

  9. Why are telecoms operators interested in FSO?

  10. What is the main purpose of the Japanese engineers concerning FSO?


XIV. Read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false.

  1. FSO can provide fast internet downloads.

  2. The cost to install FSO is very high.

  3. The operation of FSO greatly depends on weather.

  4. Light can′t be used to send information.

  5. Light-emitting diodes and FSO can be combined together.

  6. Indoor FSO transceivers can easily sent and receive data through closed premises.


XV. Combine words from Box A with words from Box B to make collocations.



A

optical

transfer

laser

diffuse

internet

broadband

B

light

connection

rate

wireless

coverage

transceiver


XVI. Connect the words with their definitions.


  1. tail-light 6. broadband connection

  2. heliograph 7. transceiver

  3. speaker 8. diffuse light

  4. incandescent bulb 9. laser beam

  5. free-space optics 10. directional transmitter


  1. a device which transmits and receives radio or electronic signals;

  2. a red light, usually one of a pair attached to the rear of a motor vehicle;

  3. 1   ...   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   ...   40

a source of light that contains a heated solid, such as an electrically heated filament;

  • a narrow unidirectional flow of laser radiation or particles;

  • an instrument with mirrors and a shutter used to send messages in Morse Code by reflecting the sun′s rays;

  • a transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies that enables messages to be sent simultaneously, used in fast Internet connections;

  • a part of a radio or a piece of musical or computing equipment that the sound comes out of;

  • a light spread over a wide area;

  • a station which produces signals, sounds in one particular direction;

  • an optical system in which light is used to send information.


    XVII. Find synonyms for the words and words combinations in the text.


    to convey, huge, lamp, being planned, to warn, to prevent, disadvantage, out of date, to give off, a look at something, to move something quickly.



    XVIII. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.


    Speaker, update, directional transmitter, incandescent bulb, heliograph, reflectivity, optical system, transceiver, flicker, laser beam


    1. They could see a (an) …………. of light at the end of the tunnel.

    2. I have bought a CD player with two ultra-slim …………..

    3. The traditional ……………..wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light.

    4. In the past few years a small number of companies, such as Terabeam, Light Point and Cablefree Solutions, began offering business point-to-point …………… that could send data between buildings.

    5. Many years ago …………….. was used to send messages by reflecting sun′s rays.

    6. The newsletter gives a (an) ……………. on current activities.

    7. Car number plates should have …………… in order to avoid accidents at night.

    8. Today′s …………….. can transmit and receive data up to 4 km (2.5 miles) at speeds of 1-3 gigabits per second.

    9. On the one hand the ……………. can burn holes in steel plates and on the other hand it can set carbon on fire.

    10. An engineer used a (an) ……………… to produce signals and send them to the receiving system.


    XIX. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the meanings of highlighted words.

    1. He relayed the message to his boss. 2. The game was relayed by satellite to audiences all over the world. 3. Radio signals were received by a relay. 4. She wishes to pursue an engineering career. 5. Police pursued the car at high speed. 6. A group of scientists pursued the experiment. 7. Water was intercepted during repair works. 8. Nothing shall intercept us from reaching our aim. 9. The listening post intercepted the phone call of criminals. 10. This is the one major drawback of the new system. 11. The high price is a major drawback to potential buyers. 12. Two alert scientists spotted the mistake. 13. They had been alerted to the possibility of a low data transfer rate.


    XX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the word since.


    • 1. The industry has been insulating microchip conductors with silicon dioxide since the first commercial integrated circuits were introduced in 1961. 2. These services directed on tourists make sense since people are more likely to want information when in an unfamiliar place. 3. Since they emit light directly, light-emitting diodes displays don′t need a backlight. 4. Since 1990, “spectrum efficiency” – the amount of information that can travel over radio waves has improved perhaps a trillion times. 5. The full name for an oscilloscope is cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) since its main component is a cathode-ray tube (CRT). 6. Since conventional headlights are not very effective, a new system has to be developed. 7. Since each electron carries an electrical charge, this current is a flow of electrical charge through the circuit. 8. Induced electromotive force has supplied most of the world′s electricity since Faraday discovered it first in 1831. 9. The circuit of two lamps is called a series circuit since the two lamps, the battery and the switch are connected one after the other. 10. A great number of outstanding discoveries and perfections has been made in that field of science since.


    XXI. Discussion. In pairs discuss the following questions.


    1. How life will change using free-space optics?

    2. Paraphrase the following quotation. Express your opinion about it.

    “Change is not made without inconvenience, even from worse to better”. Richard Hooker (British theologian).



    Unit 8


    1. Герундий (The Gerund)

    2. Герундиальный оборот (Gerundial constructions)

    3. Сравнение герундия и причастия

    4. Сравнение инфинитива и герундия

    5. Текст «Analogue television basics»


    I. Translate the sentences paying attention to the forms of the Gerund.


    1. Atoms are incapable of being destroyed or created. 2. I remember having measured the temperature of the mixture in due time. 3. In the North there is always the danger of the fuel not being delivered on time. 4. An engine is a device for converting one form of energy into another. 5. Eating and drinking are not permitted in the computer room. 6. Turn off the lights before leaving the premises. 7. After having learned the simple relationship existing between the units of mass and length, we can use this system easily. 8. They succeeded in having finished their work in time. 9. We say that such action – where electricity flows through space instead of being confined to metal conductors or circuits – is electronic. 10. Many people print the material before reading it.


    II. Use the right form of the Gerund of the verbs in brackets.

    1. We insist on (do) the work right now. 2. The scientist insists on the work (do) at once. 3. Stop (talk) about it. The mistake isn′t worth (mention). 4. Mankind is interested in atomic energy (use) only for peaceful purposes. 5. I regret (tell) her about this failure. 6. He was very much annoyed (refuse) the visa. 7. Allow us to congratulate you on (graduate) from the university. 8. After (enter) the Internet, you enter a word of information. 9. I remember (advice) by my colleges to increase the amount of capacity in the circuit. 10. The speaker was annoyed at (interrupt) every other moment. 11. The grid is usually operated at a slight negative potential so that the electrons will pass through the grid without (hit) its wires. 12. She insisted on (show) the files to her. 13. The TV set needs (repair). 14. After (look through) the papers were registered. 15. Airlines plan to test the market before (decide) how and when to allow phones to be used in the air.


    III. Comment on the forms and functions of the Gerunds.


    1. Turning a technology demonstration into a commercial product isn′t always easy. 2. The function of a car computer is detecting and summing up the information about the road conditions. 3. Japan′s NTT Communications, of Tokyo, has just finished testing an Internet-connected odor-delivery system to be used by retailers and restaurants to attract customers. 4. Reducing capacitance lets the chip use less power to switch at the same speed. 5. All over the world, Microsoft Office is helping drive business forward by making it easier for anyone to get their job done, no matter what that job might be. By bringing together top applications Office gives people the ability to find the best, most productive way to work. 6. Supercomputer is able of performing one billion operations a second. 7. Early optical systems were capable of sending information at a rate of hundreds of megabits per second. 8. Generally speaking, the idea is worth considering. 9. Omega Speaking System began producing a new audio amplifier. 10. Michael Faraday found in the 1820s that changing a magnetic field induces an electric current in a nearby wire. 11. Radio works by using the electromagnetic spectrum to send information. 12. The method of experimenting usually gives excellent results. 13. The engineer could solve this problem only after experimenting. 14. Mobile operators are investing billion of dollars in building new networks that provide fast internet access. 15. Another way of transferring energy is “inductive coupling”. 16. Many of the services involve short-range communications, such as dimming a light or transferring a video from one medium to another. 17. The only satisfactory method of amplifying radio signals that has been discovered is by the use of vacuum tubes. 18. On taking the conductor out of the field the electrons will redistribute themselves so that the charges disappear. 19. Adding wireless technology means a lot of internal changes. 20. Man lived for ages on the earth without knowing anything about electricity.
    Источник: https://tut-files.ru/previewfile/123948

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