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Let us compare the CMOS sensor with the CCD sensor:

  1. The CMOS sensor is more susceptible to electrical noise than the CCD sensor.

  2. On condition that each pixel on a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, its light sensitivity will be lower since many of the photons hit the transistors rather than the light-sensitive CMOS.

  3. CMOS consumes up to 100 times less power than the CCD sensor.

  4. CMOS is cheaper since it can be made on any standard production line making silicon chips.

  5. CMOS can operate from a wide range of supply voltage.

Thus CCDs tend to be used in digital cameras if high-quality images are required with good light sensitivity.


Vocabulary:


array – множество

metal-oxide semiconductor - структура металл-оксид-полупроводник (структура МОП)

thermionic emission – термоэлектронная эмиссия

surveillance – наблюдение

camcorders – портативная видеокамера со встроенным видеомагнитофоном

bar code readers – устройство считывания штрихового кода

resolution – разрешающая способность

substrate – подложка

underside – нижняя часть

to inject – инжектировать, вводить

to overlay – перекрывать, накладывать слой

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) – комплементарный металлооксидный полупроводник


XII. Find conditional sentences in the text and define their functions.


XIII. Read the text again and answer the questions.



  1. What is the charge-coupled device?

  2. What is the charge-coupled device used for?

  3. What does the charge-coupled device consist of?

  4. Describe the way how the charge-coupled device works.

  5. What is charge-coupling?

  6. What makes the charges move in the right direction?

  7. What sensor does the CCD sensor compete with?

  8. When are the CCDs used in digital camera?


XIV. Read the text again and complete the sentences.

  1. The charge-coupled device is …

  1. more sensitive than the vidicon tube;

  2. less sensitive than the vidicon tube.


  1. The charge-coupled device gathers light

  1. only from clear sources;

  2. even from sources that can not be clearly seen.


  1. The charge-coupled device

  1. can not be used for surveillance purposes;

  2. can be used for surveillance purposes.


  1. Positively charged metal electrode

  1. hold electric charge;

  2. does not hold electric charge.


  1. CCD sensor has …

  1. a lower consumption than the CMOS sensor;

  2. a higher power than the CMOS sensor.

XV. Combine words from Box A with words from Box to make collocations.


A

thermionic

photographic

oxide

metal

charge

drive

electronic

light

B

pulses

layer

sensor

film

coupling

sensitivity

electrode

emission




XVI. Connect the words with their definition.


    1. resolution 6. Complementary

    2. substrate Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

    3. camcorder 7. electrode

    4. charge-coupled device 8. thermionic emission

    5. photon 9. bar code reader

10. pixel


a) an integrated circuit that converts light into a series of electrical charges that are related to the intensity of any given picture element;

b) the ability of a microscope or other optical instrument to produce separate images of closely placed objects;

c) any of a number of very small picture elements that make up a picture, as on a visual display unit;

d) the emission of electrons from very hot solids or liquids, used for producing electrons in valves, electron microscopes and X-ray tubes;

e) a video camera and recorder combined in a portable unit;

f) a switching circuit based on a field-effect transistor;

g) the semiconductor base on which other material is deposited, especially in the construction of integrated circuits;

h) a unit of electromagnetic energy;

i) a device which can read the information contained on a pattern of thick and thin lines that is printed on things you buy;

j) an element in a semiconducting device that emits, collects or controls the movement of electrons or holes.


XVII. Translate the following words, paying attention to prefixes then use them in sentences.


Underuse, outsource, overlay, misrepresent, undertake, overproduce, subdirect, supercharged, nonstandard, underachieve, mislay, misuse, outlay, outtake/

XVIII. Find synonyms to the following words in the text.


To include, to find, to put into, to join, to produce, susceptible, strength, to form, base, to place.



XIX. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.


CCD, camcorder, pixel, surveillance, array, electrode, bar code reader, resolution, substrate, CMOS


    1. Each …………… is made up of three close dots of coloured phosphors of red, green and blue.

    2. …………….. are widely used in security cameras, digital cameras and in telescopes for detecting faint sources such as galaxies.

    3. A wide range of digital devices, such as digital watches and microprocessors, are based on ……………….. devices in integrated circuit form.

    4. ……………. is used to make electrical contact with a circuit.

    5. To record pictures and sound amateurs usually buy a (an) ………….. that can be carried around.

    6. Professional video cameras typically have multiple image sensors to enhance …………….. and colour gamut.

    7. There is a vast …………… of networks that connect devices, including computer networks, public telephone networks, radio and television networks.

    8. Closed-circuit TV cameras are used for ………… purposes and help to increase public safety.

    9. A thin oxide layer is deposited on the surface of a (an) ……….….. in the construction of integrated circuits.

    10. A common alternative is the use of a (an)………………which may be capable of reading the information on price tags and transferring of data to the computer.


XX. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the meanings of highlighted words.


1. You should keep a record of you expenses. 2. Did you remember to record my favourite program for me? 3. She holds the world record for the 100 metres. 4. The airline has a good safety record. 5. He recorded the class rehearsing before the performance. 6. Tell me when the tape starts recording. 7. The band is back in the US recording their new album. 8. Record you goals if you want to achieve them. 9. The thermometer recorded a temperature of C. 10. The place was overlaid with memories of his childhood. 11. The roar of the engines was overlaid by a loud banging. 12. To protect wood from rotting we overlaid it with paint. 13. An overlay showing population can be placed on top of the map.




XXI. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.


  1. If you camera (have) a good resolution its quality (be) high.

  2. If the charge-coupled devices (have) a lower power consumption they (be) more popular.

  3. If the charge-coupled devices (can) be made on any standard production line they (be) cheaper.

  4. If digital cameras (not have) an extended depth of field, objects at a larger range of depth (not be) in focus.

  5. The signal-to-noise ratio (decrease) if each pixel sensor (get) smaller, because in this case it catches fewer photons.

  6. If the charge-coupled devices (not invent) cameras (not be able) to take images.

  7. If the charge-coupled devices (not be) sensitive they (not can) gather light from faint sources.

  8. The charges (move) in the right direction if they (transfer) under the control of the drive pulses.


XXII. Discussion. In pairs discuss the following questions.


  1. Speak about different applications of the charge-coupled devices.

  2. Paraphrase the following quotation. Express your opinion about it.

“A discovery is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind”. (Albert Szent-Gyorgyi).



Unit 10


  1. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)

  2. Сослагательное наклонение после безличных предложений

  3. Сослагательное наклонение после глагола wish

4. Конструкции would rather и had better

5. Текст: «Fibre optics communications»


I. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood after the verbs should, would, could, might, must.


  1. Would you mind giving me your dictionary for a minute? 2. I would like to thank you for your help. 3. You could have done it in a different way. 4. One laser beam could carry all the radio, TV and telephone messages simultaneously. 5. It would be useful to read this article. 6. Many scientific problems might be solved with the help of mathematics. 7. There would be no life without atmosphere. 8. It would be a great discovery to find means to prolong man′s life. 9. There would be no progress in science without observations. 10. The material in this book is out of date. The book must have been written a long time ago.


II. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood in subject clause.


    1. It is desirable that he should be present here. 2. It is essential that a superconductor should be a solid material. 3. It is necessary that superconductor should be cooled to -273 C. 4. It is required that an airplane should be well-balanced dynamically. 5. It is possible that a compound should become a superconductor even if the chemical elements constituting it are not. 6. It is very important that we should discuss this problem. 7. It is suggested that we should realize this program. 8. It is required that all measurement be done beforehand. 9. It is necessary that the average acceleration of the moving body be determined accurately. 10. It is essential that the two rotors should be accurately spaced angularly, that is to say that they should be accurately at right angles to each other. 11. It is desirable that they should measure all the chemical substances they deal with. 12. It is extremely important that all the metal powders used during production should be uniformly mixed.
Источник: https://tut-files.ru/previewfile/123948

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