Материал: Вайнштейн - Английский язык
204О- Learning to Understand a Medical Text
bladder. 5. When collected in polypropylene bottles the urine was kept in
refrigerated lockers.
Упражнение 11. Составьте письменно план текста А.
Часть II
Слова к части II
susceptible [sa'septabl]а
чувствительный,
восприимчивый (к болезни)
scarlet[ ska:ht]feverскарлатина
toclog [kbg] засоряться
permeable ['pa:miabl] а
проницаемый diabetes[
dais'bi:ti:z] nдиабет, сахарная
болезнь incompatible
[,inkam'paetebl] а несов-
местимый hemoglobin
[,hi:mD'gloubin] nгемоглобин
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Прочтите текст В (10 мин). 1) Скажите, о каких
заболеваниях идет речь в тексте и существует ли какая-либо
взаимосвязь между ними. 2) Найдите предложения: а) где
употребляются I и II формы причастий; б) определите их функции. 3)
Переведитеэтипредложения.
Text ВKidney Diseases
There are three structures of the kidney which are susceptible to disease:
the glomeruli, the tubules and the blood vessels. However, it is
Lesson 21 О205
rare that only one of these structures is affected; what happens to one
frequently affects the others as well.
The disease in which the glomeruli are particularly involved is called
glomerulo-nephritis. It may be acute or chronic, the first frequently leading
to the second. It is often a sequel
1
to such a childhood infectious disease
as scarlet fever. In glomerulo-nephritis, the glomeruli become clogged with
exudate and cell debris so that the blood no longer flows through them.
Here a clearance test is useful; it will show that much smaller quantities of
filtrate are being formed than normally. The glomeruli being still open
become permeable to protein and albuminuria becomes very marked. This
leads to edema.
Diseases involving the tubules are called nephroses. They are usually
caused by poisons of various kinds, such as mercury, bismuth, uranium, or
carbolic acid. Some degree of tubular degeneration occurs, however, in
such diseases as diabetes, malaria and pernicious anaemia
2
, and also in
traumatic shock. Finally, athero-sclerosis of the kidney may occur,
reducing the total blood flow through the kidney's blood vessels.
What happens to the kidneys when incompatible blood has been used in
a transfusion? Hemolysis of red cells occurs, of course, and the liberated
hemoglobin circulates in the blood. Passing through the kidney,
hemoglobin (although its molecular weight is 68.000) passes through the
membrane into the tubules. If the amount is small, reabsorption occurs, but
in the amounts increased after an incompatible transfusion the hemo-
globin, passing through the tubules, is precipitated. This blocks the tubules;
they cease to function and finally die. Patients having received the wrong
type of blood can often be saved if the blood is thoroughly alkalin- ized; an
alkaline filtrate is formed and thus prevents precipitation.
206О- Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Blood cast
Wax cast
Fig. 16.Urinary casts.
Epithelial
cast
Fat cast
Lesson 21 О207
A common disease of the kidney, known as Blight's disease, includes
a number of different conditions. Bright was a physician establishing a
connection between degenerative changes in the kidney and the
presence of albumin in the urine. The discovery of albumin in the urine
usually indicates a faulty working of the kidneys. It means that albumin
from the blood plasma is being allowed to pass through the renal tubules,
and thus be excreted in the urine. At the same time the damaged tubules
fail to eliminate fluid. This fluid collects in the tissues and causes
swelling, or edema, of various parts of the body. The fluid is more likely
to collect in the legs and in the eyelids. Hence the puffy face and swollen
legs of the sufferers from advanced Blight's disease.
It must not be assumed, however, that the presence of a small amount
of albumin in the urine is necessarily a sign of Blight's disease. It is often
transient and of no great significance.
Notes
1.
sequel следствие
2.
pernicious anaemia [э'пЬпф] злокачественная анемия
Упражнение 2. Найдите в тексте В предложения, более полно
выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их вслух.
1. There are three structures of the kidney which are susceptible to
disease. 2. A clearance test is a diagnosing procedure in glomerulo-
nephritis. 3. Nephroses are caused by poisons. 4. The patients who have
received the wrong type of blood can be saved. 5. The presence of
albumin in the urine is a symptom of a number of conditions known under
the heading of Blight's disease.
Упражнение 3. Назовите заболевания почек, описанные в тексте В.
208О- Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Часть III
Контрольно-обобщающее упражнение к уроку 19
Найдите в следующих предложениях причастия, выполняющие
функцию определения.
1. Case 5 had his blood pressure raised over all period of investiga-
tion. 2. Transient or reversible albuminuria accompanied by oliguria and
highly concentrated urine can be due to functional changes in the
glomerular membrane. 3. When damaged the glomerular epithelium
becomes permeable to the blood coloids. 4. Oliguria or decreased
secretion of urine, may be due to a number of renal factors. 5.
Albuminuria is common in passive congestion accompanying cardiac
decompensation. 6. Intravenous pyelography having been performed,
the patient was operated on.
(Ответ: 1, 2, 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите §§ 20, 21 Грам-
матического справочника.)
V. Environmental Medicine
LESSON TWENTY
THE AIR AND HEALTH
Повторение:Ing-формы (§ 24)
Часть I
Слова к части I
rate [reit] n темп, скорость;death-
rate ['deOreit] n
смертностьpollutant [pa'luitant] n
загрязняющее
вещество associate [9'soufieit]
vсоединяться,
связывать association
[a,sousi'eiJn] nассоциация,
общество; соединение
population [,popju'leiJn]
nнаселение level [Tevl] nуровень
vegetation [,vecfei'teijn]
nрастительность
sufferer [Ward]
nстрадающийprohibit
[pra'hibit] v запрещать
Упражнения