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End of Table 3

Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [6, 14, 15, 21, 25].

Checklist questions

1.Give the definition of cybernetics.

2.Explain the scope of concept “mission of an organization”.

3.Explain the essence of information description of an organization.

4.Explain the essence of information description of an organization.

5.What are reasons, modes put as basics of organization classification?

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6.Who was the founder of theory of organization?

7.What does cybernetics study?

8.Give the definition of problem. What problems does a manager solve?

9.Explain the notion “synergy”. Give the example.

10.Explain the notion “law”.

11.What is a sense of equality of analysis and synthesis?

12.What is a sense of principles of law of ontogenesis?

13.What is a sense of principles of law of composition and proportion?

14.What is a sense of system approach?

15.Give the definition of structure. Give the example.

16.Give the example of regression model.

17.Explain the essence of method of "decision matrix".

Lecture 4. GOAL OF AN ORGANIZATION

When one doesn`t know what landing stage he steers his course, not a wind will be fair.

Seneca

The analysis of a definite goal and the notions related (expediency, intentionality, goal-formation) shows that the notion “goal” has different nuances from ideal aspirations to end results obtained within a time interval, and all that depending on the level of object cognition.

Organizations of different types can have different goals, for example, the goal of a business organization is to maximize profit and sometimes it can bring to pay increase. State-run organizations don`t strive for profit, but they are cared about expenses.

In divisions of an organization as well as in an entire organization there is a need to elaborate goals. The divisional goals of different organizations, having similar activities will nearer between each other, than divisional goals within one organization dealing with different activities.

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The goals determined should the status of a law for the organization and its divisions. However the goal should be changes due to the dynamism of the internal parameters and the environment.

There are two ways to change a goal:

the way depending on the environment and the matters in an organization. Under the way good knowledge of environment parameters is required and thus this way is rather difficult. The preferred one is the second way;

the way of systematic pro-active change of goals.

The kernel of systematic pro-active change of a goal is in the development of itemized short-term goals according to the long-term goal. On achieving short-term goals new long-term ones are developed, where the changes in the environment of direct and indirect influence are taken into consideration. On the basis of new long-term goals short-term ones are defined, on achieving them new long-term goals being developed. Under such iterative process achieving long-term goals fails as they are regularly altered. However, there is a constant long-term goal orientation in an organization and a regular adjustment of a course of actions is done new circumstances and opportunities beingtaken into consideration.

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph is given in table 4.

End of Table 4

Total

Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [3, 4, 5, 6, 30].

Checklist questions

1.What is the role of goals in the life of an individual?

2.What is the purpose of your going to the educational institution (university, academy, institute, college)?

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanoperationalgoalandaformalgoal?

4.What is the reason for organization to consider and apply the goal of growth reduction?

5.What is way an organization takes external environment into consideration?

6.How does an organization take its internal parameters into account?

7.What is the kernel of setting up a hierarchy of goals?

8.Give the example of a tree of goals.

9.Whenistheprocessofgoaldecompositionended?Givetheexample.

10.What are the criteria if setting up goals?

11.Compile a glossary of terms, supported the sense-conveying components of lecture meaning orgraph.

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Lecture 5. STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANIZATION

In any hierarchy every employee has a trend to reach his own level of incompetence.

From Parkinson's laws

Structure is an abstract notion, reflecting different aspects of either

designed or researched object. If to consider:

the flow of documentation, it is said about informational structure (documents circulation of an organization);

objectives, functions, it is said about functional structure;

technique of an object, it is said about technical structure;

morphology of an object, it is said about organizational structure. There are informational, financial, tangible flows within organizational structure.

Key notions of organizational structure are elements (components, authorities) and relationship between them. Components of the structure are workers of an organization (leaders, experts, office workers), departments, workshops, areas, management personnel. Organizational structure of an organization represents the frame where certain objectives and functions are reached. So, foe example, Human resource department solves the problem of finding the right person for the right position both for current needs and for strategic purposes; engineering department solves the problems of improving the quality of production.

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph is given in table 5.

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