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Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [3, 4, 5, 14].

Checklist questions

1.Draw up the types of structures and characterize them.

2.Write down the condition of coherence of the entire elements of nonoriented structure.

3.Give the definition of structural redundancy.

4.What does the term “structure diameter” mean?

5.Explain the meaning of word combination “element structure rank”.

6.Draw up a hierarchical structure with strong links.

7.Draw up a hierarchical structure with loose links.

8.Give the definition of “orgraph”.

9.What is the sense of strong and loose links?

10.Draw up a matrix structure and characterize it.

11.Give the definition of analogy and demonstrate its application when solving creative problems.

12.What are the basics of modeling process?

13.What does inherent structure complexity define?

14.What does structure complexity define?

15.What does standard – functional approach of designing represent?

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Lecture 6. TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS

Not easy work at factories or fields But harder work exists

This work - to live with people.

А. Mezhirov

There are notions of “formal” and “informal” organizations in

management. Formal organization is the institution characterized by:

-strictly regulated and documentary registered mission in external environment, functions, roles and role functions in an organization;

-rationality and impersonality of relationship between the members;

-availability of authority and management;

-organizational and functional structures.

Formal organization is based on public formalization of relationships, status, standards. We can give the examples of an enterprise, a university, a bank here and many other examples of organizations which are officially registered and perform according to formally assigned rules. There are no relationships between individuals there other than official and functional relationships.

Any organization performs in an external environment and this environment can be unpredictable towards this organization.

Classification of organizations is done according to the nature of relationship with external environment, the nature its components relationship, and relationship with an individual. Recently, the new types of organizations are developed to which echnocratic, participative, entrepreneurial and market-oriented organizations are referred.

Any enterprise goes through the following stages of its development: it can become a part of independent enterprises, that can be reorganized into a holding that in its turn can be transformed into a corporation. An enterprise

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develops into a holding (concern) by consolidation of subsidiaries and formation of conglomerate of enterprises with a unified managerial company. In the course of evolution and improvement of business structure an enterprise develops to the level of modern enterprise (corporation). In such corporation there is a change in scope of organizational activity and the links with other entities become more complicated. Within the country a corporation can be developed to even more complex unit – a corporation of an industryscale.

There are also informal organizations – these are spontaneously gathered group of people that interact regularly to reach the goal. There is much in common between informal organizations and formal ones: goal, hierarchy, leaders, objectives, unwritten rules, called regulation, which are the patterns of behaviour for the members of an organization.

Informal organizations are within the formal organization and that brings to great difficulties of effective management of these organizations as the leader of formal organization has primordially low opinion of the

leaders of informal organizations.

The lecture plan of meaning orgraph is given in table 6.

End of Table 6

Bibliography list for students` autonomous work [3, 4, 5, 14, 30].

Checklist questions

1.Give the definition of formal organization. Give the example.

2.What is the difference between mechanistic and organic types of organizations?

3.On what kind of conditions could a mechanistic type and an organic type be applied?

4.What are the peculiarities of a traditional type of an organization?

5.What are the peculiarities of a divisional type?

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