Материал: doichik_oia_moods_theory_and_practice

INDICATIVE

Real facts. Opinions.

I am a student.

Her name is Nadya.

I think it’s a lie.

IMPERATIVE

Requests. Commands

Stop shouting.

Let him do it.

Tell her to be careful.

CONDITIONAL

Present → would do / would be

What would I do without

modals:

you!

could do / could be

We could do it for you

Past → would have done /

I would have never

would have been

come

modals:

He could have done the

could have done /

task

could have been

They might have been

there already

SUBJUNCTIVE I

V1 / do / be /

May success attend you

God be with you

Come what may

SUBJUNCTIVE II

Present → V2 / was / were / did /

If only I were there now

could

Past → had done / had been

I wish you had brought

some bread

SUPPOSITIONAL

Present → should do / should be

It’s strange that she

should behave like that

Past → should have done /

It shocked him that he

should have been

should have been so

blind

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

REAL

Future (I) →

If you come on time,

CONDITION

we’ll have a small

If smb1(smth)

party

does smth,

smb2 will do smth

If the weather is fine

tomorrow, we will

spend the day outside

Future (Problematic) →

If you should pass this

test, I’ll eat my socks

If smb1(smth)

If he should be at

should do sth,

smb2 will do smth

home when you return

(problematic), tell him

to dress warmer

(imperative)

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Present (Zero) →

If I meet her I always

smile

If smb1 does smth,

smb2 does smth

If the temperature is

100 degrees, water

boils

UNREAL

Present (II) →

If I were rich I would

CONDITION

travel a lot

If smb1 did / were,

smb2 would do / be

Past (III) →

If you had learned the

If smb1

smb2

rules, you wouldn’t

had done /

would have done/

have got into trouble

had been

would have been

Mixed types →

If I knew him better, I

would have invited

If smb1

smb2

him for dinner

did / were

would do / be

If you had had

breakfast, you

wouldn’t be hungry

If smb1

smb2

now

had done

would have done

If I were you, I would

have accepted that

offer

If she were taller, she

would have become a

model

CONDITIONAL MOOD

But for

Present →

But for the rain, the

weather would be nice

But for smth,

smb would do

today

Past →

But for the rain, the

picnic would have been

But for smth,

smb would have done

nice yesterday

Otherwise

Present →

She must be sleeping,

otherwise, he would be

(….), otherwise smb would do

online now

He must have learned

the speech by heart,

otherwise he wouldn’t

be speaking so well now

He is a student, I think.

Otherwise he wouldn’t

attend classes

Past →

She must have forgotten,

(…) otherwise smb would have done

otherwise she would

have come

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It was his idea.

Otherwise he wouldn’t

have insisted so much

Infinitive

Present →

To meet her would be

nice

To do sth

would do / be

To stop now would

mean losing everything

Past →

To have helped her

wouldn’t have cost you

To have done sth

would have

much. Why didn’t you?

done / been

To have refused would

have hurt the old

people, that’s why I

didn’t refuse

I wish

Future → (object ≠ subject)

I wish you would stop

reading my diary

Smb1 wish(es)

smb2 would (not) do

He wishes the car would

start immediately

We wish our neighbours

would not argue all the

time

SUBJUNCTIVE II

I wish / If only

Present →

I wish you were here

now

Smb wish(es)

smb were / did / could

If only I could help him

He will wish he knew

her better

Past →

I wish I hadn’t eaten so

much

They wished they hadn’t

Smb wish(es)

smb had been /

come so late You will

had done

wish you had not

followed her advice

It‟s (high) time

Present→

It’s high time you were

more attentive

It’s (high) time

smb did sth

It’s time he changed his

watch

Look / behave /

Present →

She acts as if she had

act… as if

the permission

looks(s)

He behaves as if he

Smb behave(s)

as if smb did smth /

knew everything

act(s)

were

She looks as if she were

holding back tears

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Past →

They will behave as if

nothing had happened

looks(s)

She acted as if she had

Smb behave(s) as if

smb had done /

not heard it before

act(s)

had been

She looks as if she had

been hurt

Would rather

Present → (object ≠ subject)

I would rather you were

quiet now

Smb1 would rather

smb2 did / were

He’d rather we were

together

She’d rather the kids

walked more every day

Past → (object ≠ subject)

I’d rather you hadn’t

been so rude yesterday

Smb1 would rather

smb2 had done /

He’d rather the letters

had been

had been sent to him

SUBJUNCTIVE I

/ SUPPOSITIONAL

Lest

Tell her to dress warmer

should do / should be (Suppositional)

lest she should be cold

do / be (Subjunctive I)

Dress warmer lest you

get cold

I’ll call you lest you

should forget

Call her lest she forget

necessary

should do smth (Suppositional)

It’s advisable that kids

advisable

should walk a lot

It is important that

smb

It’s advisable that kids

ordered

walk a lot

desirable

nice

do smth / be (Subjunctive I)

possible

It’s necessary that you

natural

should obey the law

strange

It’s necessary that you

doubtful

obey the law

Mom suggested that we

suggest(s)

should do smth

should go for a walk

demand(s)

(Suppositional)

Mom suggested that we

Smb 1 order(s)

that smb 2

go for a walk

insist(s)

do smth / be

(Subjunctive I)

She will insist that the

window should be open

She will insist that the

window be open

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think(s)

necessary

should do smth

Father thinks it

believe(s)

advisable

(Suppositional)

necessary that we

Smb 1 consider(s)

it important

that Smb 2

should eat three times a

find(s)

desirable

do smth

day

(verbs of mental

possible

(Subjunctive I)

activity)

natural

strange

Father thinks it

doubtful

necessary that we eat

three times a day