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Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Найдите корневые слова, от которых образованы
данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.

180<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
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normally, presented, frequently, increasing, imbalance, excessive,
weakened
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Упражнение 2. Прочтите текст В (10 мин). 1) Назовите симптомы гипер-
тонии. 2) Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в
действительном и страдательном залоге в формеPerfect.Укажите
время, которым выражены сказуемые. 3) Переведите эти предложения.
TextВ Hypertension
Hypertension simply means high blood pressure. As a normal heart
pumps blood through the body, a certain degree of pressure is excreted {
against the blood vessels. With each beat of the left ventricle, a wave ol
pressure starts at the heart and travels along the arteries. This wave is
called the pulse. The pulse can be felt on any arteries that are close to the
surface of the body, such as on the wrist, the sides of the throat ancf' the
temple. The pulse results from the blood pressure. The blood pressure at
the moment of contraction is the systolic pressure; it should normally be
sufficient to displace about 120 miji. mercury in a glass tube. The blood
pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart is the diastolic pressure; it
normally displaces about80 mm. of mercury. Blood pressure readings, which
have been frequently taken during a general physical examination are
presented as a ratio of the first figure over the second.
Most physiologists have considered a blood pressure reading of 150/90
as excessive. This can be considered a useful definition of high blood
presstire.
Hypertension is very common. It is believed that about one out of every
five individuals has suffered from it and that about 13 per cent of all deaths
have been a direct result of it. Hypertension has become more common with
increasing age and affects men about twice as often as women.
In about 90 per cent of the known cases, it has been described as
essential hypertension, a hereditary condition. In other cases it may be due to
the removal of a kidney, kidney disease, excessive narrowing of the arteries,
hormone imbalance, or excessive salt in the diet.
Hypertension is damaging for two reasons: 1) it puts an excess work load
on the heart and the left ventricle in particular; 2) the arteries may be
damaged by excessive pressure. A hypertensive patient tends to develop
cardiovascular ailments much sooner than a person who had not suffered
from hypertension.

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Lesson 16 ❖ 181
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This high blood pressure in the arteries causes a hardening (sclerosis) of
blood vessels all over the body. The vessels become weakened; clots tend
to form in them much more easily; some vessels rupture and haemorrhage.
Hence haemorrhage in the vessels of the brain (cerebral haemorrhage) and
vessels of the kidneys will have been particularly destructive.
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте В предложения, более полно
выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их вслух.
1. The pulse results from the blood pressure and can be measured. 2.
There is systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. Hypertension is very common. 4.
The causes of hypertension may be different. 5. Hypertension is damaging
for two reasons. 6. Hypertensive patients have tended to develop
cardiovascular ailments.
Упражнение 5. ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВписьменно,
использоваввкачествепланапредыдущееупражнение.
Часть III
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Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 16
Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит
во временах группы Perfect.
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1. Cardiomyopathy has been defined as «acute, subacute, or chronic
disorder of heart muscle of unknown or obscure etiology». 2. Apart from
discomfort in his chest he had no history suggestive of myocardial infarction
or angina. 3. A patient with a femoral artery embolus had marked temporary
improvement in circulation. 4. The duration of treatment has been increased
to a maximum of 16 hours in our patients. 5. The arterial occlusion had
recurred by the next morning.
(Ответ: 1, 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите §§ 12, 14 Грамма-
гического справочника.)

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Упражнение 2. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит
в форме страдательного залога.
1. The patient was admitted to the hospital with essential hypertension. 2.
The woman responded slowly to diuretic therapy. 3. A loud heart-sound
was audible at the mitral area. 4. The patient has been maintained for a
year without further episodes of heart-failure. 5. The left ventricle was
grossly dilated with very poor movements of all areas. 6. Gross mitral
incompetence had not been suspected clinically previously.
(Ответ: 1, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 14 Граммати-
ческого справочника.)
Упражнение 3. Переведите данные гнезда слов на английский язык.
1. опыт, испытывать, опытный; 2. умирать, смерть, умерщвлять,
смертельно; 3. прекращать, прекращение, непрерывный; 4. непро-
ходимость (закупорка), мешающий, закупоривать; 5. выздороветь,
выздоровление
LESSON SEVENTEEN
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Повторение:ВременагруппыContinuous
(Active and Passive Voice) (§§ 11, 14)
Часть I
Слова к части I
pneumonia [nju:'mounja]
nпневмония bronchitis
[broo'kaitis] nбронхит irritation[
iri'teijn] nраздражение prominent
['prominant] а важный,
существенный irritable ['irritsbl] а
раздражительный,
раздражимый receive [n'si:v]
vполучать
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Навдите сказуемые в следующих предложениях.
Определите их время и залог.
1. All control patients were receiving oxygen over a period of two
hours.
Lesson 10 ❖ 183
2.
In order to analyse the changes in recumbent B.P. (blood pressure)
after the analgetic injections, the patients have been considered in two
groups.
3.
8 or 9 patients who were being injected pentazocine for ten minutes
showed a rise of B.P. 4. Other studies have suggested that pentazocine
produces less sedation than the narcotics. 5. The patient had signs of
severe congestive failure due to aortic insufficiency. 6. When the
attendant physician entered the ward, patient P. was being injected
aminophylline intravenously.
Упражнение 2. Напишите исходные слова к нижеприведенным
производным и переведите их.
inside, specialized, irritation, respiratory, eventually, mucopurulent,
inflammation, bacterid, staining, to discharge
Упражнение 3. Прочтите и переведите данные гнезда слов.
1. bronchus - bronchitis, bronchi, bronchial, bronchiectasis
|,broQki'ektdsis]; 2. to irritate - irritation, irritative; 3. to infect - infected,
infection, infectious
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения и
словосочетания.
1. bronchial tree; 2. the smoke irritates my eyes; a muscle contracts
when irritated by electricity; 3. to be infected with diphtheria; to spread by
infection; infection may be carried through the air
Упражнение 5. Просмотрите текст А. Передайте основное
содержание каждой части.
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Упражнение 6. Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и
считайте их.
1. Is the upper or lower part of the respiratory tract affected more
often? 2. What happens to the mucous membrane when it is being
inflamed? 3. What does the term «catarrh» indicate and what is the
condition of catarrhal inflammation characterized with? 4. What causes
bronchitis? 5. What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
Text A