
j Health Care in Russia ❖ 259
Resident: He is 53. Six years ago he consulted a physician because of
morning headaches. He was diagnosed to have hypertension, and weight
reduction, shorter hours of work, and small doses of captopril and beta-
blockers were prescribed.
Dr. Pavlova: Is there hypertension in the family?
Resident. No, there's no cardiovascular disease in the family. As I said
earlier, his heart failure has been corrected but the blood pressure remains
220—180 over 120—110 mm Hg.
Dr. Pavlova: Give the patient antihypertension drugs and then we will try to
find out the cause of his high blood pressure. The cause of hypertension may
be renal, vascular or endocrine. Tomorrow we'll have the results of the
laboratory tests and then we'll try to clear up the case.
Упражнение 16. Прослушайте (прочитайте) диалог еще раз. Скажите,
какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию диалога.
1. а) Больной поступил в больницу по поводу почечной недоста-
точности; б) Больной поступил в больницу по поводу сердечной недо-
статочности. 2. а) У родителей больного отмечалась гипертония; б)
Никто в семье больного не жаловался на гипертонию. 3. а) Причиной
гипертонии может быть заболевание почек; б) Пиелонефрит не может
быть причиной высокого давления.
Упражнение 17. Прослушайте (прочитайте) диалог и скажите, о чем
беседуют Дима и Джон.
Dialogue
Dima: What are you reading, John?
John: It's a book «You are what you eat».
Dima:I can't understand what the book is about.
John: «If you know what you eat, you know yourself», said the philos-
opher. It's important to know what we eat, it explains a lot about how our
body functions. So let's find out what we know about our diet. Here are some
statements which are, in fact, questions, and the answers to them. Let's test
ourselves.

260 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
Dima: It sounds very interesting. What's the first statement?
John: Meat contains certain vital amino acids not found in vegetable
matter - true or false?
Dima: I think, true. All the amino acids needed by the body for protein
synthesis can't be obtained even from a well-chosen combination of
vegetables.
John: Yes, right you are. The next statement is like this: eating carrots will
improve your ability to see at night — true or false?
Dima: Oh, it's very simple. Of course, it's true. Night vision depends on the
presence in the retina of the eye of a pigment called «visual purple». The
body manufactures this pigment and requires vitamin A to do so. Carrots
contain no vitamin A but they do contain large amounts of a pigment called
beta carotene, which the body can convert to vitamin A. So, if you are
suffering from impaired night vision due to vitamin A deficiency carrots can
help.
John: Simple sugars should be included in the diet in minimal quantities.
True or false?
Dima: Well, I think it is correct. It is known that excessive uptake of simple
sugars (cakes, sweets, rolls, etc) may lead to frank obesity.
John: Yes, you are absolutely right.
Dima: What's the next statement?
John: And the next statement sounds like this. It is impossible to take too
much protein — true or false?
Dima: I think it's false.
John: No. «True» is correct. Excess protein cannot be stored and thus is
excreted. Nutritionists recommend that protein should make up only 10 or 15
per cent of the daily caloric allowance.
Dima: The book is really very interesting. I'd like to read it.
John: I'll give you the book in two days after I finish reading it.
Упражнение 18. Прослушайте (прочитайте) диалог еще раз.
I
1) Найдите и запишите английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний:
жизненно важные аминокислоты; продукты (вещества) растительного
происхождения; правильно (хорошо) подобранное сочетание; организм
вырабатывает; организму требуется; превращать (преобразовывать) в
витамин; недостаток (дефицит) витамина; (ежедневный) рацион
питания; чрезмерное потребление; ожирение; минимальное количество;

j Health Care in Russia ❖ 261
избыток (чрезмерное количество); накапливаться (сохраняться в
организме); диетолог; ежедневная норма потребления калорий
2) Используя текст диалога, сформулируйте требования к рациону
питания
здорового
взрослого
человека.
Начнитесоследующейфразы:The daily diet of a normal adult should
contain...; I would recommend you to...
Упражнение 19. Вы участвуете в конференции «Медицинское
обслуживание в России».
а) шесть студентов вашей группы подготовили доклады по следу-
ющим темам: 1. Medical care in Russia. 2. Types of medical institutions in
our country. 3. The work of a district polyclinic. 4. Specialised medical care in
Russia. 5. Private medical and health care institutions. Medical insurance. 6.
Problems facing medical science in our country.
б) прослушайте выступления и задайте вопрос каждому докладчику.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE USA
Упражнение 1.Прослушайте (прочитайте) и запомните следующие
слова и словосочетания. Переведите предложения.
1.
humanities гуманитарные науки.
The girl was very capable in the humanities. The humanities are included
in the school cirriculum in our country.
2.
academic achievement успеваемость.
In his report the Dean of the Faculty spoke about the academic
achievements of the second-year students.
Academic achievement is a decisive factor in the selection of students for
medical schools.
3.
to assess (the general qualities of an applicant)зд.определять,
оценивать (общийуровеньабитуриента).
A special committee assesses the professional qualities of young doctors.
The admission committee worked out new criteria to assess the general
qualities of the applicants.

i
Medical Education in the USA ^ 262
4.
teaching hospital клиническая база.
Students of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine do (heir
medical practicum at the Johns Hopkins teaching hospital.
The Johns Hopkins teaching hospital has 1050 beds.
5.
a ward палата.
There are four patients in this ward.
The patient asked his ward doctor to give him some medicine for a
headache.
Упражнение 2. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором (преподавателем)
следующие слова. Обратите внимание на ударения.
guest [gestb^eolleague ['koli:g], committee [ks'mitti], representative
|,repri'zentativ], quality ['kwolitij, competition [,kompi'tiJn], diagnosis
|,daiag'nousis], patient ['peijbnt], participate [pa:'tisipeit]
Упражнение 3. Назовите пары слов, относящихся к одному
лексическому гнезду.
to admit, to achieve, emphasis, academy, achievement, to concentrate,
admission, to emphasize, academic, concentration
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите текст.
Medical Education in the USA
Dr. Frank Nelson and his colleagues from the Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine had been guests for some time of the Sech- cnov
Moscow Medical Academy. They had a meeting with the Professors and
students of the Medical Faculty. This is what Dr. Nelson told them about the
training of doctors in the USA.
Dr. Nelson: To begin with, after finishing his primary school and secondary
studies at the age of 18, the candidate for a medical school must complete at
least three years of higher education in a college or university.
This period of college or-univefsky^tudieis is called «the pre-medical
phase». The students who are taking this course of studies preparing them
for a medical school are called «pre-meds». A student applies to a medical

Medical Education in the USA ❖ 263
school when he has completed pre-medical studies. The appli- cation costs
approximately $ 50.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, would you kindly tell us about the selection of
students for medical schools?
Dr. Nelson: Sure. Academic achievement is the most important factor in
the selection of students. In most medical schools candidates are required to
pass the admission test. This is a national multiple-choice test. The test lasts
about eight hours over a one-day period and include» questions in biology,
chemistry, physics, mathematics, and English. Then,
L
special admission
committees have personal interviews with the appli- f cant in order to rissfeii
the candidate's general qualities, his character | and his ability to study
medicine.
|
Nina Mironova: Dr. Nelson, is there any competition among the ар- I
plicants to medical school?
■ •
|
Dr. Nelson: There certainly is. I must tell you that the competition is | very
high and only about half of those who apply to medical school are j accepted
and begin their medical education. By the way, what we call J «medical
school» is «medical institute» in your country.
Dean of the Medical Faculty: Dr. Nelson, we know that the curriculum of
medical schools in the USA does not greatly differ from the curriculum in
our medical institutes. Is that right?
Dr. Nelson: Well, the basic sciences are taught largely during the first
two years of medical studies. For instance, in the first year at Johns
Hopkins students study anatomy, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology,
bacteriology, histology and other subjects. In the second year they study
microbiology, pathology, physical diagnosis, pharmacology and laboratory
diagnosis.
The curriculum of the final two years includes clinical subjects. Medical
students do their practicum at teaching hospitals affiliated to the
w
medical