Материал: 2076

Standard, duly driven from the 'Eight principles of Quality management', process approach being one of them. Thareja writes about the mechanism and benefits: "The process (proficiency) may be limited in words, but not in its applicability. While it fulfills the criteria of all-round gains: in terms of the competencies augmented by the participants; the organisation seeks newer

directions to the business success, the individual brand image of both the people and the organisation, in turn, goes up. The competencies which were

Сtailored for enterprise types not originally targeted. For example, Six Sigma was designed for manufacturing but has spread to service enterprises. Each of these approaches and methods has met with success but also with failures.

hitherto rated as being smaller, are better recognized and now acclaimed to be more potent and fruitful". The more complex Quality improvement tools are

иcompared to smaller changes) and adaption to enterprise cultures. For example, quality circles do not work well in every enterprise (and are even

Some of the common differentiators between success and failure include

commitment, knowledge and expertise to guide improvement, scope of

discouragedбАby some managers), and relatively few TQM-participating enterprises have won the national quality awards.

change/improvement desired (Big Bang type changes tend to fail more often

There have been well publicized failures of BPR, as well as Six Sigma. Enterprises therefore need to consider carefully which quality improvement methods to adopt, and certainly should not adopt all those listed here.

It is important not to underestimate the people factors, such as culture, in selecting a quality improvement approach. Any improvement (change) takes time to implement, gain acceptance and stabilize as accepted practice. Improvement must allow pauses between implementing new changes so that the change is stabilized and assessed as a real improvement, before the next improvement is made (hence continual improvement, not continuous

greater resistance to change. It is easier and often more effective to work within the existing cultural boundaries and make small improvements (that is Kaizen) than to make major transformational changes. Use of Kaizen in

On the other hand, transformational change works best when an enterprise faces a crisis and needs to make major changes in order to survive. In Japan, the land of Kaizen, Carlos Ghosn led a transformational change at Nissan Motor Company which was in a financial and operational crisis. Well organized quality improvement programs take all these factors into account when selecting the quality improvement methods.

86

20. Read the text translating unknown words. Render the text using the plan in the appendix.

9002:1987 and ISO 9003:1987; which were applicable in different types of industries, based on the type of activity or process: designing, production or service delivery.

и 9003:1994бАversions.

The standards are reviewed every few years by the International Organization for Standardization. The version in 1994 was called the ISO 9000:1994 series; consisting of the ISO 9001:1994, 9002:1994 and

The last major revision was in the year 2008 and the series was called ISO 9000:2000 series. The ISO 9002 and 9003 standards were

integrated into one single certifiable standard: ISO 9001:2000. After December 2003, organizations holding ISO 9002 or 9003 standards had to complete a transition to the new standard.

ISO released a minor revision, ISO 9001:2008 on 14 October 2008. It contains no new requirements. Many of the changes were to improve consistency in grammar, facilitating translation of the standard into other languages for use by over 950,000 certified organization in the 175 countries (as at Dec 2007) that use the standard.

The ISO 9004:2009 document gives guidelines for performance improvement over and above the basic standard (ISO 9001:2000). This

The Quality Management System standards created by ISO are meant to certify the processes and the system of an organization, not the product or service itself. ISO 9000 standards do not certify the quality of the product or service.

In 2005 the International Organization for Standardization released a standard, ISO 22000, meant for the food industry. This standard covers the values and principles of ISO 9000 and the HACCP standards. It gives one single integrated standard for the food industry and is expected to become more popular in the coming years in such industry.

ISO has also released standards for other industries. For example, Technical Standard TS 16949 defines requirements in addition to those in ISO 9001:2008 specifically for the automotive industry.

87

ISO has a number of standards that support quality management. One group describes processes (including ISO/IEC 12207 & ISO/IEC 15288) and another describes process assessment and improvement ISO 15504.

The Software Engineering Institute has its own process assessment and improvement methods, called CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) and IDEAL respectively.

СCapability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a process improvement training and appraisal program and service administered and marketed by Carnegie Mellon University and required by many DOD and U.S. Government contracts, especially in software development. Carnegie иMellon University claims CMMI can be used to guide process improvement across a project, division, or an entire organization. Under the CMMI methodology, processes are rated according to their maturity levels, which are defined as: Initial, Managed, Defined, Quantitatively Managed, Optimizing.бАCurrently supported is CMMI Version 1.3. CMMI is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University.

Three constellations of CMMI are:

Product and service development (CMMI for Development) Service establishment, management, and delivery (CMMI for Services) Product and service acquisition (CMMI for Acquisition).

CMMI Version 1.3 was released on November 1, 2010. This release is noteworthy because it updates all three CMMI models (CMMI for Development, CMMI for Services, and CMMI for Acquisition) to make them consistent and to improve their highДmaturity practices. The CMMI Product Team has reviewed more than 1,150 change requests for the models and 850 for the appraisal method.

As part of its mission to transition mature technology to the software community, the SEI has transferred CMMI-related products and activities to

21.Decode the following abbreviations. ArrangeИthe words in the same order as in the text above.

ISO, SEI, CMMI, TS, QMS, HACCP, DOD.

22.Give a talk on your specialty using the following plan.

a)qualification of your faculty;

b)the targets of commercial work;

c)what marketing and management are;

d)the integral parts of marketing;

e)the modes of transportation of goods;

f)your specialized subjects.

88

PART VI

THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MANAGEMENT FACULTY

1. Answer the following questions.

transportation – передача maintenance – обслуживание forecasting – прогнозирование

cryptographic – криптографический, шифровальный

89

4. What sound is heard when you pronounce C? Allocate the words to three columns.

СApplication, faculty, facility, cause, success, service, competitive, policy, currency, forecasting, computer, technology, deficiency, processing,

иTHE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN MANAGEMENT FACULTY

4. Read and translate the text. Make up the plan of the text.

and hasбАthree qualifications: Computer Technologies in Business; Information Safety and AutomatedДSystems of Management.

(THE FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES)

Nowadays only the possession of all information causes the success in

competitive struggle in the local and global markets of services and goods, to work effectively in share and currency markets and to carry out economic policy. Therefore it is extremely important to have experts able to manage information flows.

The Information Systems in Management faculty was established in 2000

In Russia there is a strong deficiency of experts in the field of computer technologies. Many companies hire either economists with knowledge of a computer, or engineer-programmers with basic knowledge of economics.

The students specializing in computer technologies in business study the work of economic applications in the allocatedИcomputer networks, the use of

the Internet and networks in business and finances and use of modern means of programming applications under Windows. The faculty trains experts combining strong theoretical knowledge in the field of economics, profound knowledge of computer facilities, software and understanding of realities of the business world.

The students of the second qualification deal with automated systems of processing, storage and transportation of information with a certain level of confidentiality and methods and means of information safety maintenance of the automated systems.

The students specializing in automated systems of management deal with computer systems and networks; automated systems of processing and management the information; systems of automated design, software of computer facilities and the automated systems.

90