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these are often tourist information centres. One of the main functions of public sector tourism is to provide information.

As tourism has grown in importance at local, regional, national and international level, a number of pressure groups have become involved in tourism issues. Such pressure groups include Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, church groups and community organizations.

“Tourism: Environment and Development Perspectives”,

Mason, P. (World Wide Fund for Nature) 2000

Vocabulary

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5. “Most countries now have active public sector tourism organizations” (paragraph

7). Choose the best meaning of the expression in italics:

a.a) organizations for tourism in the public sector which are active b.b) organizations for tourism for an active public sector c.c) organizations for active tourism in the public sector

Comprehension

1. “The importance of a tourist destination depends upon three main factors”.

Complete the table below, noting those factors and giving examples of each.

Destination

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Формат: Список

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английский (США)

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b)What is the function of a pressure group?

c)What tourism issues are pressure groups likely to focus their attention on?

Sum up information you’ve learned from the text.

UNIT IX CAREERS IN TOURISM

Part one

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Words to remember

-to generate – производить; создавать

-to be tolerant of – быть терпимым

-to gain the experience – приобретать, получать опыт

-expertise – знания и опыт (в данной специальности); компетенция

-to keep up with – следить за новейшими достижениями; не отставать от современных тенденций

-to be in charge of smth – отвечать за что-л.; руководить чем-л.

-lavish – щедрый; обильный; расточительный

lavish treatment – щедрое угощение

-a fee – плата; гонорар; вознаграждение

-on a fee basis – на платной основе

-to supervise – руководить наблюдать (за чем-л.)

-free-lancer – журналист, не связанный с определенной редакцией, работающий не по найму

-common denominator – общий знаменатель

Reading

Read the text, then look through the comprehension exercise and speak on the text.

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Like most service industries, tourism is labor-intensive; that is, it employs a high proportion of people in comparison to the number that it serves. The range of jobs is also very wide, from unskilled, like a dishwasher in a restaurant, to semi-skilled, like a waiter or chamber-maid, to skilled, like a travel agent or a statistician. In addition, tourism generates many jobs that are not usually considered to be within the industry itself – jobs in construction, manufacturing, and merchandising. In addition, tourism generate many jobs that are not usually considered to be within the industry itself –

jobs in construction, manufacturing and merchandising. A majority of the jobs in tourism have one common denominator: contact with the

public, including both the positive and negative aspects of dealing with ordinary human beings. Anyone who has chosen a career in tourism should enjoy working with people and be tolerant of their failings, especially since the irritations of travel can bring out the worst qualities in some people.

In many of the jobs in which it is necessary to deal with the public, language skill is necessary or desirable. People who hold jobs of this kind include travel agency employees, ticket and reservations agents, airline flight personnel, front-desk employees in hotels, tour conductors or guides, waiters, barmen, and so forth. The degree of language skill may vary, from using special terms in catering service jobs to speaking fluently among travel agents and tour guides. The degree of language skill

may also vary according to the location of the job.

The tourist industry differs from many others in that it employs more women than many other kinds of business. Indeed, women are found at all levels. Many successful travel agents are women who have established independent enterprises after gaining experience elsewhere in the industry.

Experience is necessary for the successful operation of a travel agency. There are many different ways to acquire the necessary experience. Some agents begin as clerical workers or secretaries in travel agencies or in the transportation companies. Particular jobs that provide useful knowledge include those of ticket agent and reservations agent for the airlines.

In addition to dealing with the public, the travel agent must deal with people who work for the other components in the industry. One of the most important aspects of the job is keeping informed of the highly complex pricing policies of both scheduled and nonscheduled airlines, and the resort hotels. The agent must also keep up with other developments in the industry – new resorts, changing travel regulations, changing travel regulations, new services.

There are some advantages of being a travel agent. One of the most important is the economic independence that comes from owing and operating a small business. There

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is of course an element of risk. Another advantage is the opportunity to travel. The treatment that is given to travel agents on familiarization tours is often lavish so as to impress them favorably with the services that are being offered.

The people who write about travel also receive lavish treatment from the tourist industry. There are relatively few travel writers, but they fill an important place in publicizing the industry. Some of them work full-time for magazines or newspapers. Others are free-lancers: that is, they work for themselves and sell their articles to any publication that is interested in them. There is also a small industry involved in writing and publishing travel guidebooks.

The tour operators work much more within the framework of ordinary corporate practice than small retail agencies do. That is, they have the usual hierarchy of clerical workers and management personnel. Companies like Cook and American Express employ people in nearly all phases of tourism, ranging from the jobs that would be found in retail travel agency to those that deal with packaging tours or establishing overall policy for the companies. They also employ a large staff to work on advertising and publicity.

Official and semi-official tourist bureaus also employ many people who perform different kinds of work. Some of the jobs are related to promotion, which is extremely important to the whole industry. Others are involved with research, such as gathering travel statistics and trying to work out systems that increase their accuracy. Others are concerned with planning and development of new tourist facilities, or with the maintenance and improvement of existing facilities.

Consulting firms also play a part in the tourist industry. A consultant offers the expertise he has acquired through study and experience to individual clients on a fee basis. In tourism, consultants are called in to give advice to government tourist bureaus

or private developers. Some of them may perform market research; some may analyze statistics that have been collected; and some may help in the planning of new resorts.

Perhaps the most distinctive and difficult job in the entire industry belongs to the tour guide or conductor. The term guide is used for one in charge of local sightseeing and conductor is the one accompanying a group throughout its travels and making all the arrangements for the group. The sightseeing guide must of course be familiar with

the points of interest that he is showing to the visitors. He usually gives a prepared talk that describes the points of interest, but he must also be prepared to answer a lot of questions. And of course he has to deal with any problems that occur during the tour or excursion. These may include bad weather, sudden illness, an accident – it would be impossible to name everything that might happen. A sightseeing guide needs two qualities above all – an outgoing personality and language skill.

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The guide or conductor who stays with a group throughout its trip needs these same two qualities. He also needs to have a thorough knowledge of the workings of all kinds of transportation systems and of the regulations and red tape that the tourists will meet when going from one country to another. One of his jobs involves handling the baggage for his group; another concerns easing them through government formalities; and yet another involves making sure they get the kind of accommodations, food, and entertainment they

have paid for. These are the aspects of travel that are likely to cause the most problems and create the most irritation when they go wrong. The guide often has to display the

qualities of a diplomat dealing with many people. Another distinctive job in tourism is that of social director. Many resort hotels and nearly

all cruise ships employ a person who is in charge of the activities that are supposed to entertain and amuse the customers. The social director not only has to organize these activities, he must also involve the willing and the reluctant guests in the fun and games. A

good social director should really enjoy the games and parties that are planned for the guests. In addition to social directors, resorts employ people to supervise activities in which the resorts specialize – golf and tennis pros, or swimming, skiing, and scuba diving instructors.

There are many facilities for formal training in the industry. Many hotel companies, airlines have training programs and give training courses to people who will fill both skilled and semi-skilled positions.

Some universities offer courses in tourism as a whole. People who get a university degree after completing such a curriculum can be considered professionals in the field.

Tourism is an industry that is still growing rapidly. It continues to provide people with the choice of a variety of occupations that require many different kinds of skills.

No matter what aspects of the industry one may work in, the final result of the effort should be a satisfied customer who remembers his trip or his vacation with pleasure.

Comprehension

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