Материал: Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture

Issue № 2(34), 2017

ISSN 2542-0526

Presence of three open places at the same time,

Presence of versatile places of the very private

opening and closing with clear rates

to the very public

Possible private life in all three ways,

Flexibility of places and not specializing

closed and covered

of places for different purposes

Inexistency of object dominance

Connection to water and plants

to the house environment

Russian journal of building construction and architecture

Table 2

Places in Iranian traditional dwellings (Office research and technical features, 1983)

Places in traditional dwelling of Iran

1. Portal

Entrance in Iranian traditional dwelling was of such an importance whose vital part in evolution

and improvement of Iranian architecture can be seen in that. Entrance is not only used as a place

to communicate but it is also used for social and cultural purposes. In order to make a connection

or link to a big square or monument or in order to givie importance to an entrance, they used to

make an apron at the portal in the way that it had the same way to the square or whatever was

important there. Portal looks like an invitation sign to a house. Generally outer walls were made of

thatchbutportalwasluxurious.Thiswastosaythattheinnerplaceissogreatthatitinvitesyouin.

2. Vestibule

The vestibule or porch is a place that was made in many entrances. This was located exactly

after the portal and it worked as a junction to separate the entrance to three or four other

ways. In some general buildings two or three ways were driven out of this places each of

which was leading to a special place like a yard. In buildings of which just one was driven

out vestibule was not functioning as a junction but more of a place for waiting and beautifi-

cation. The vestibule was also used for changing the direction. Vestibules had regular geo-

metric shapes and were mostly short compared to the ceiling. Vestibules of big important

places were high and decorated with tiles, platforms and candle sticks.

3. Corridor

The corridor, which is the simplest part of the entrance that connects two places, is consid-

ered to be its most important use. In some buildings like houses, bathrooms, and in some

cases mosques, schools, the direction of corridor was changed. So that using the corridor which

was indirectly connected to a yard for making it private to those who were inside. The corridor

in terms of spatial framework was narrow. Of course, based on where and why they were used,

the shape was changed. For schools and mosques it was big (almost 2, 3.5 meters) and it was 1

meter for small houses. The length of corridors was so different and it ranged from 2 to 10

meters ads in some cases even longer. The corridor as an architectural place is known as a

place to move along in a spatial and conceptual manner. The corridor and yards made the

communicating arteries of the house. General frameworks of the corridors are narrow or wide.

Corridors with narrow width generally connected the vestibule to the yard, corridors with an

average width were between small, i.e. two or three door rooms and wide corridors were adja-

cent to a very important room. Generally above these corridors the remaining rooms were built

(GOSHVAR). Other places like bathroom, kitchen, toilet, were in private places.

4. Yard private

The yard in an Iranian dwelling is used in different ways.It matchesplaces in ahouse, connectorof

(orangery) pub-

placestocreateagreenplace,asanartificialventilatorforwinds, an importantelementfor ordering

lic inner (outer)

different places, as a secure and calm place for family`s happiness and is shaped based on financial

out of the inner

andspiritualpurposes.Differentpartsthatshouldbeprivateorpublicaretakeninto account.

space of a

The orangery is a very small yard which can be covered to avoid chilblain in citrus. In the center

house

of thisyard thereisapoolshaped likeasquare,octagon,rectangleand thisissurrounded bysome

small gardens. The outer space is a small yard shaped like rectangle or a square where there is an

octagon, circle, or a star-shaped pool? This is to welcome strange guests and people.The inner

space is a big yard that is as big as it can match the numbers of rooms in the house. It is some-

times like a big garden just for family members and is really private.

Issue № 2(34), 2017

ISSN 2542-0526

End of Table 2

Places in traditional dwelling of Iran

5. Rooms

They are made in a different way in Iranian houses and each of them have their special fea-

tures. One of the Iranian favorite method of making rooms was to have a visual contact in

every room and to the yard. Wide, free and unobscured vision was of the feature of Iranians.

These rooms were designed based on the golden rate. Rooms that got the light from latitude

were of great beauty and got half of the golden rate. Based on organizing all the places and

dividing them into those to be used in summer and winter using rooms, different rooms are

formed, giving connection to rooms for getting the wind made it for summer rooms to be

higher floors and winter rooms to be at the ground or basement. Winter rooms are small with

not many doors and being almost in the basement made it possible for these rooms to get

heat easily. On the other hand summer rooms are those that have many big opening doors on

most sides. In many houses these works are windward. In some of them, the number of

opening in four fronts are almost sixteen. An important feature of doors is that some are

double glazed, generally the one at the out is shuttered and just with an opening the inside

one you can have a pleasant wind and a nice view without getting annoying sunshine.

6. Hall

Telvarorkerbal in Persian means “a very big building” and it is a root of the wordTalar

which is “hall” in English. This is in both, summer and winter rooms. In front of these halls

there are some columns regarding their physical things. Next to these halls were big corri-

dors named capital (Takhtgah) at the end of which there were stairs that ended upstairs or

downstairs. There was a room above it. The rooms that face the hall are called earrings. The

ceiling of these were double glazed and in some parts big 3 part doors were used. The other

parts of Iranian traditional housing were bedrooms, public rooms, upper room, tehrani, ear-

rings, farvar, tanbi, tachar, matbakh, hozkhane, basement, depot, abrizgah and korsykhane.

7. Balcony

It is a place smaller that the hall that is usually located in front of a room. It has a ceiling and

the frontal area opens without doors or windows. Shah neshin is a part of a room that is built

like a balcony but does not have a door to the yard and is a little above that room surface.

Generally the room that shah neshin on it has 5 doors. This is a place for important guests

and its entrance is one of the corridors or one of the rooms next to it.

8. Upper room

Is built above the hall, a cozy comfortable place with a small height and three doors. It was

used for sleeping, work and spending a nice afternoon.

9. Windward

Is built next to a hall to send the wind which blows here to the hall.

Issue № 2(34), 2017

ISSN 2542-0526

Table 3

Changing in Iranian housing pattern in relation with the requirements (writer)

Changing in Iranian housing pattern in relation with the requirements

Extraverted and introverted forms

Spatial organs and operation of house parts

Way of living

Way of construction

House communications

The number of citizens and way of communication

Facing the climate

Communicating to nature

Personality

Designing style

Table 4

Most important reasons for changes in modern houses in comparison with historical ones (writer)

Most important reasons for changes in modern houses in comparison with historical ones

Need for vehicles and transport

Need for quietness and more loneliness

Need for more houses

Changes in leisure, games and activities

Objects are important parts of recent houses

Heat comfort with cooling and warming equipment

Materialism

Hygiene