The graduates of the faculty work on designing civil, industrial, and public buildings, at construction technology of the buildings, they work as building engineers, architects and managers.
5. |
Answer the questions. |
1. |
What specializations are trained at the faculty? |
С |
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2. |
What specialized subjects contribute to the training of building specialists? |
3. |
What are the most commonly used building materials? |
4. |
What elements does the house consist of? |
5. |
What are the supplement facilities by constructing a building? |
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6. |
What does construction physics deal with? |
7. |
Where can the graduates of the faculty work? |
6. |
Put the verbs in brackets into the required form. |
1.The Civil engineering faculty (to train) the students in three qualifications.
2.Three specializations (to give) the students of the faculty.
3.A great number of specialized subjects (to study) by the students of the faculty.
4.The students (to teach) to calculate the loads effecting the buildings.
5.All this (to constitute) such subjects as Building Mechanics and Strength of Materials.
6.Each building (to consist) of various parts.
7.The buildings can (to build) from various materials.
8.The students (to listen) to different courses of lectures.
9.A lot of general educational subjects (to include) in the curriculum of the faculty.
10.Various utilities (to foresee) by constructing any building.
11.The qualification of the manager (to meet) requirements of many enterprises.бАД
7. Learn the following special terms. Find Иthese words in the text «Burj
Khalifa», write out three sentences with them and translate them into Russian.
wing – крыло дома, флигель
setback – уступ фасада, пологий выступ в стене cross section – поперечное сечение
core – сердцевина, остов, ядро spire – шпиль
to sway – качаться, наклоняться bundled tube – пучок труб
buttress – контрфорс, подпорка, опора to reinforce – усиливать, укреплять
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cladding – наружная обшивка, покрытие glazing – глазурование, застекление, лакировка stainless steel – нержавеющая сталь
spandrel panel – подоконная стеновая панель; панель перемычки tubular – трубчатый
fin – ребро
Сantiglare shield – антибликовый фильтр (панель) pile – свая, столб
rebar – арматурный стержень
cure – выдерж вать, пропаривать (бетонные блоки)
и8 Read the text, write out and translate technical terms into Russian.
Prepare rendering the text (look the Appendix I).
бАBURJ KHALIFA
Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower"), known as Burj Dubai before its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the tallest man-made structure in the world, standing at 829.8 m (2,722 ft). Construction began on 6 January 2004. The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer.
The building's design incorporates cultural and historical elements particular to the region such as theДspiral minaret. The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light. As the tower rises from the flat desert base, there are 27 setbacks in a spiralling pattern, decreasing the cross section of the tower as it reaches toward the sky and creating convenient outdoor terraces. At the top, the central core emergesИand is sculpted to form a finishing spire. At its tallest point, the tower sways a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft).
Burj Khalifa uses the bundled tube design. To support the unprecedented height of the building, the engineers developed a new structural system called the buttressed core, which consists of a hexagonal core reinforced by three buttresses that form the ‘Y' shape. This structural system enables the building to support itself laterally and keeps it from twisting.
The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes of structural steel. The cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's extreme summer temperatures, and consists of 142,000 m2 of reflective glazing, and aluminium and textured stainless steel spandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. The architectural glass provides solar and thermal performance as well as an anti-glare shield for the intense desert sun, extreme
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desert temperatures and strong winds. In total the glass covers more than 174,000 m2.
The Burj Khalifa's water system supplies an average of 946,000 L of water per day through 100 km of pipes. An additional 213 km of piping serves the fire emergency system, and 34 km supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system.
СOver 45,000 m3 of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre diameter x 43 m long, buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. Burj Khalifa's construction used 330,000 m3 of concrete and 55,000 иtonnes of steel rebar, and construction took 22 million man-hours.
The consistency of the concrete used in the project was essential. It was difficult to create a concrete that could withstand both the thousands of tonnes bearing down on it and Persian Gulf temperatures that can reach 50 C. To combatбАthis problem, the concrete was not poured during the day. Instead, during the summer months ice was added to the mixture and it was poured at night when the air is cooler and the humidity is higher. A cooler concrete mixture cures evenly throughout and is therefore less likely to set too quickly and crack.
The opening of Burj Khalifa was held on 4 January 2010. A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. The sky lobbies on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools. Floors through to 108 have 900 private residential apartments.
The highest outdoor observationДdeck in the world is on the 148th floor at 555 m (1,821 ft), the second observation deck, named At the Top, is on the 124th floor, at 452 m.
A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed. The elevators have a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest rising and descending at up
9.Find English equivalents of the followingИwords and expressions in the previous text.
Жилой, наружный, внутренний, фундамент, форма строения (модель), терраса, ваять, сбоку, кручение, отражающий, по всей площади, затвердевать, трескаться, вестибюль, смотровая площадка.
10.Translate the words given and form synonymous pairs.
Wonder, sacred, increase, create, protect, ancient, total, build, amazing, hold, embrace, make up, holy, support, famous, grow, eternal, occupied,
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raise, engaged, miracle, construct, believe, antique, beautiful, prominent, cover, erect, defend, organize, wonderful, form, pharos, everlasting, turn out, back, suppose, found, accomplishment, fine, comprise, masterpiece, complete, lighthouse, achievement, chef d’oeuvre, whole, prove, include, compile.
Сstupidity, come, irrigate.
11. Form pairs of opposites.
Modern, reduce, destroy, famous, equal, drain, leave, armed, wisdom, unlike, increase, ancient, like, disarmed, unknown, construct, unequal,
и12. Read the text Wonders of the ancient world and translate it.
WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
comprisesбАthe seven most impressive monuments of the ancient world, some of them survived only to the Middle Ages. Six out of the seven Ancient Wonders do not exist now. Only the Pyramids, including that of Cheops, stood the test of time.
Although most people know that there are seven wonders of the ancient world, only a few can name them.
The original list of the Seven Ancient Wonders was compiled around the II century B.C. Unfortunately, it was destroyed with the Alexandria Library.
As to the final list, it was compiled in the Middle Ages. The list
For their builders, the Seven Ancient Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power and science. For us, they reflect the ability of humans to change the surrounding landscape by building those massive, yet
had a practical use. And the Temple of Artemis was recognized the most beautiful of all the ancient wonders.
beautiful structures. |
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Of all the Wonders the Alexandria Lighthouse was the only one that |
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The list of the Seven Ancient Wonders comprises:
1) The Pyramids of Cheops (Egypt, III millennium B.C.)
This gigantic structure near the ancient city of Memphis was being raised for 20 years. More than 100,000 workers were engaged in its construction. Its height was about 150 m. The total weight of the pyramid was almost 6.5 million tons.
The pyramid was faced with the snow white limestone plates and served as a tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops). The pyramid was amazing in the sun’s rays. It outshone all the Egypt pyramids built before and ranked as the tallest structure on the earth for more than 43 centuries.
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2) The Semiramis’s Hanging Gardens (Babylon, VI century B.C.) According to the legend, Nebuchadnezzar II, king if Chaldea, arranged
these beautiful hanging gardens on the banks of the Euphrates river (96 km south of Baghdad) for his beloved wife, the Persian tsarevna, to please her.
The gardens rose in terraces, supported by the arches, to the height of 300 feet. They were irrigated from the reservoir built at the top, to which Сwater was lifted from the river Euphrates. The gardens were filled with the
finest flowers and rare plants from different countries of the world. They were very beautiful and had no equals in the world of those days. They were named after Semiramis, a Queen of Assyria and a legendary foundress of Babylon and many other cities, a woman of great wisdom and beauty.
и3) The Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece, IV century B.C.)
In 323 B.C. Alexander the Great of Macedonia with his victorious troops entered Babylon on his way to Egypt and further to Europe. But he never left it, because he died in the Hanging Gardens built by the Chaldean
TheбАgrateful Greeks raised the most beautiful temple to Zeus, the Greek Farther of Gods, with his giganticДstatue (12m), carved by the great sculptor Phidias, that was recognized as the third wonder of the world. Its trace has been lost except for the reproduction on coins.
king.
Zeus was the most loved God in the ancient Greece. According to the
legend, he lived on the mountain of Olympus. It was just the place, where the ancient Olympic Games were held. The Greeks believed that it was Zeus himself who left these Games to them. No armed man could invade this sacred land. During the Games all wars stopped, bringing everlasting peace to Olympia.
4) The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (Greece, IV century B.C.)
It was the most beautiful and largest temple in Asia Minor made of the white marble. The temple was dedicated to Artemis,Иthe Greek goddess of
hunting and wild nature, and was recognized as the fourth wonder of the world.
5) The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Caria, IV century B.C.)
The famous tomb of the king Mausolus, Persian satrap of Caria, built in Halicarnassus amazed the ancient world’s people with its dimensions and magnificence. It was so much unlike all the tombs built before, that people called it “a mausoleum” (i.e. “massive tomb”) after their satrap Mausolus.
This tomb became the world’s first mausoleum. It was raised by the famous Greek architects Pythius and Satyros. Its construction was finished after the king’s death. The tomb’s total height was 22 m.
6) The Lighthouse of Alexandria or the Pharos of Alexandria (Egypt, Alexandria, III century B.C.)
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