Among all the towns in the world conquered by Alexander of Macedonia and named after him, the Egypt Alexandria is the most famous one. It was here, on the island of Pharos, where the gigantic lighthouse was built by Ptolemy at the end of the III century B.C.
The lighthouse was faced with the white marble plates and towered over the land for 130 m. It was the world’s first tower with a signal light and
Сwas recognized as one of the wonders of the world.
7) The Colossus of Rhodes (Rhodes, III century B.C.)
In 305 B.C. Demetrius, the tsar of Asia Minor, tried to conquer the island-town of Rhodes. But its people prayed Helios, the God of Sun, to иprotect them and promised to raise his statue.
According to the legend, Helios protected the people of Rhodes and they built his gigantic statue near the harbor of the Mediterranean island. It was a beautiful 40 m statue covered with bronze (12 tons) that was destroyed
13.Find бАEnglish equivalents of the following word combinations in the previous text.
1) Чудеса света; 2) высота, общийДвес; 3) возводить много лет; 4)°заняты строительством; 5) превосходить построенные ранее пирамиды; 6)°устроить «висячие сады»; 7) облицовывать белым мрамором; 8)°орошать из резервуара; 9) поднимать воду; 10)°поддерживать
арками; 11) возвести прекрасный храм; 12)°признавать чудом; 13)°Галикарнасский мавзолей; 14) поражатьИразмерами и величием; 15)°знаменитые архитекторы; 16)°защищать/спасать людей; 17)°возвышаться над землей; 18)°разрушить землетрясением; 19)°выдержать испытание временем; 20)°не сохраниться; 21)°способность людей менять окружающий пейзаж; 22)°создавать уникальные памятники.
14.Complete the following sentences.
1.The ancient historians and travelers described …
2.The gigantic pyramid of Cheops was being raised for many years by …
3.It outshone all the Egypt pyramids …
4.“Hanging gardens” were arranged by the Babylon tsar for his wife and were named after …
5.The ancient Olympic Games were held in …
66
6. |
The Greeks believed that the Games were left them by … |
|
7. |
They raised a beautiful temple to Zeus with his gigantic statue that was |
|
recognized as …. |
||
8. |
The largest temple made of white marble in Greece was dedicated to … |
|
9. |
The massive tomb raised for the Persian satrap was called by the ancient |
|
people … |
||
С |
||
10. |
The world’s first lighthouse was built on … |
|
11. |
The gigantic statue of Helios, the God of Sun, built by the people of |
|
Rhodes, is known as … |
||
12. |
The original list of the Seven Ancient Wonders was compiled in … |
|
и |
||
13. Six out of the seven wonders didn’t … |
||
14. |
The only ancient wonder that stood the test of time is … |
|
15. |
All the ancient wonders reflect the ability of humans to change … |
|
15. |
Answer the questions. |
|
1.How many wonders of the ancient world do you know?
2.What country does the Cheops pyramid belong to?
3.How many years was it being built?
4.And what about the number of workers engaged in its construction?
5.What were the pyramid’s height and weight?
6.Who arranged “the Hanging gardens”?
7.Who was Zeus?
8.Why was the Greek temple of Artemis recognized as the world’s wonder?
9.What do you know about the world’s first lighthouse?
10.What statue did the people of Rhodes raise?
11.Which of the ancient wonders stood the test of time?
12.What did the wonders mean for the ancient people?
13.And what about us?
14.What made these creations “wonders”?бАД
|
|
И |
16. Translate these related words and define their part of speech by their |
||
word-forming elements. |
|
|
1. |
accomplish – accomplished – accomplishment; |
|
2. |
arrangement – arrange – arranger; |
|
3. |
characterization – characterize – characteristically; |
|
4. |
conscious – consciousness – unconsciously; |
|
5. |
create – creator – creative – creation – created – creatively; |
|
6. |
dedicate – dedicated – dedication – dedicatory; |
|
7. |
describe – descriptive – description – described; |
|
8. |
determination – determine – determinative – determined; |
|
9. |
dimensional – dimension – one-dimensional; |
|
10. favour – favourable – favourite – favoured;
67
11. |
founder – found – foundress – foundation – founded; |
12. |
grateful – gratefulness – gratefully; |
13. |
hanging – hang – hangar; |
14. |
invade – invasion – invaded – invader; |
15. |
magnificent – magnificence; |
16. |
promise – promised – promising; |
С |
|
17. |
recognize – recognition – recognizable; |
18. |
similar – similarity – similarly; |
19. |
weight – weightless – weigh – weightlessness; |
20. |
wonder – wonderful – wonderment – wonderfully. |
17. Become acquainted with the content of the text and give its summary. |
|
|
THE MODERN WORLD WONDERS |
|
Over 2,000 years have passed since the seven wonders of the ancient |
иworld were recognized and listed. Now, on the threshold of the third |
|
millennium, our view of the world is characterized by an increasing global |
|
consciousness. That is why it is high time to determine new symbols of the |
|
most outstanding human accomplishments, covering the last two thousand |
|
years. |
|
|
Of course, it is impossible to remember or know all of them, but the |
most wonderful ones are worth mentioning. They are: the Athens Acropolis |
|
|
Д |
(the sacredбАplace of the gods) with its center – the Parthenon (the temple of the Virgin Athena, Greece); the famous “Leaning Tower” of Pisa and Rome Coliseum (Italy); the beautiful castles on the Loire and the Eiffel Tower
(France); the Panama canal that joined the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans (Panama); the grandiose stone figure of Jesus Christ (the Statue of Christ the Redeemer, Brazil); the Golden Gates Bridge andИthe Statue of Liberty (USA); the Channel Tunnel (Britain/ France); the Suez Canal, that linked the Red and the Mediterranean Seas, and the Egypt sphinxes and pyramids; the Great Wall of China and the amazing Moslem mosques; the magnificent Cathedrals, Kremlins and Palaces of Russia, the famous Tsar-Bell and TsarCannon and the highest Woman Statue in the world known as the Statue of Mother Russia (85m) on the Mamayev Kurgan (Russia); the ancient bathhouses of India and many, many others, plenty of them, created in different periods and by different nations.
They are the masterpieces of human genius and new wonders of the world. But there were only Seven Wonders of the World. That’s why people decided to apply the words “the eighth wonder” to everything they liked best of all, everything that was very beautiful, unusual, unique or amazing. Sometimes they use these words as irony.
68
18. Describe one of the new 7 Seven Wonders of the World that was named on the 7th of July 2007 in Lisbon. In 2007 more than 100 million people voted to declare the New Seven Wonders of the World. The following list of seven winners is presented without ranking, and aims to represent global heritage.
1) |
The Great Wall of China; |
2) |
Christ the Redeemer Statue (Rio de Janeiro); |
3) |
Machu Picchu (Peru); |
4) |
Chichen Itza (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico); |
5) The Roman Colosseum (Rome); |
|
6) |
Taj Majal (Agra, India); |
С |
|
7) |
Petra (Jordan). |
и Use this planбАand prepare its presentation.
1) name;
2) location;
3) historical details;
4) interesting facts;
5) exterior/interior;
6) your impressions.
19. Read the text and perform the tasks.
1.The architect is a person trainedДand experienced in the design of buildings and the coordination and supervision of all aspects of the construction of buildings. When the architect designs a structure,Иhe uses the cumulative knowledge of centuries. There are many consultant experts – structural engineers, services engineers and other sub-contracted specialists working to the architect's design. The architect functions now extend into town planning and work activities that need buildings.
2.Town planning or urbanism is the preparation of plans for the regulated growth and improvement of towns or the organization of land and buildings for group living. It is a cooperative process in which architects, economists, engineers, lawyers, landscape architects, doctors, sociologists, surveyors or topographers and other specialists take part. In town planning there are different street patterns: gridiron, radial, ring and functional (or organic).
3.According to the International Union of Architect (IUA or UIA) at present there are more than 800.000 fully qualified architects in the world. In the highly developed countries there is one architect per two or three thousand
69
people. In the developing countries there is only one architect per 500,000 or 1,000,000 people.
4. The architect's sphere of knowledge is constantly expanding. He has to combine art, advanced technology, science and economics in his work. The structure an architect creates should give us pleasure, sense of beauty. The main problem facing the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature
Сand landmarks of bygone days.
1) Define, which statement conforms to the text content.
a) The main task of architecture today is how to combine art, science and
иd) Architects usually fulfill their duties solely in accordance with the knowledge they have.
economics in the work.
b) Urbanism is the elaboration of plans for the development and
modernization of towns.
c) There are more architects in the developing countries than in the highly developed ones.
2) Answer the question: Why is urban design a cooperative elaboration? a) Because a lot of architects from different countries participate in it.
b) Because ordinary people design a future city for themselves. |
||
c) Because a lot of specialists in different fields participate in it. |
||
d) Because a lot of architects participate in this elaboration. |
||
|
Д |
|
3) CompleteбАthe statement according to the text. |
||
City planners … |
|
|
a) conflict with nature and landmarks; |
И |
|
b) improve town and regulate its growth; |
||
c) hire specialists working in different fields; d) build constructions for group living.
4) Choose the right wording of the main idea of the text.
a)The architect is a person trained and experienced in the design of buildings and the coordination and supervision of all aspects of the construction of buildings and who uses cumulative knowledge of centuries.
b)The architect is a person who constantly expands his knowledge using information from spheres of science, economics, advanced technology and others to make people’s life comfortable and beautiful.
c)The architect is a person experienced in the design and construction of a building and many other spheres and who works together with other specialists to make people’s life comfortable without any harm to nature.
70