Материал: Методическое пособие Сборник текстов с упражнениями по дисциплине Иностранный язык
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДАГЕСТАНГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ «ДЕРБЕНТСКИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ им. Г.А.ИЛИЗАРОВА»
Тексты с упражнениями
по дисциплине “Иностранный язык”
для студентов медицинского колледжа
Дербент
Пояснительная записка
Учебное - методическое пособие «Сборник текстов с упражнениями по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» /английский/» (далее по тексту - Пособие) подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС СПО для специальностей Сестринское дело (1–3 курсы), Лечебное дело (1-4 курсы), Акушерское дело (1-3 курсы) и Лабораторная диагностика (1-3 курсы) по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский).
Цель пособия – оказание помощи обучающимся при самостоятельной работе с текстовым материалом, необходимым для совершенствования навыков и умений чтения адаптированной и аутентичной медицинской литературы и ведения беседы по медицинской тематике.
Для работы с текстом предлагаются задания: на чтение, перевод, нахождение эквивалентов лексики в текстовом материале на английском и русском языках и формирование относительно самостоятельных высказываний, а также ответы на вопросы.
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HYGIENE OF THE BODY
Hygiene of the body includes a lot of the methods by which we maintain (keep) good health. Hygiene involves a great many aspects of living. They are: ventilation, heating, lighting, possible contacts with industrial hazards, bacterial control of foods, the source of water supply, exposure to infectious diseases. All these aspects influence the people’s health.
The care of mouth, teeth and gums is part of the hygiene of the digestive tract. The teeth should be brushed once a day. Children should be taught to do it properly. It’s necessary to visit a dentist once a year to prevent the diseases of the oral cavity.
Care of skin is of great importance to personal hygiene. The skin is more then just a protective coat of body. It is wonderful in many ways. It can stretch and fold. It has coloring matter called pigment. Pigment helps to protect the skin from the sun. The skin has a thin layer of oil. Oil glands send oil to the skin surface to make it «waterproof». There are sweat glands in the skin. The sweat moves out of the skin through pores. The sweat evaporates and body cools.
One must take care of eyes and ears too.
There are five senses that help us to enjoy the world.
With eyes we can see pictures, read words. We can see flowers and birds, the sun and the moon and the stars. We can see our dearest and nearest. Vision is precious. One should avoid serious disturbances of vision.
With ears we can hear our own voice and the voices of the others. We can hear music that makes us feel happy or sad. Hearing is important. Exposure to long – continued, loud noise damages the hearing apparatus. Chronic infection should be treated as early as possible.
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BABY HYGIENE
Practicing a good hygiene is extremely important to keep your baby happy and healthy all the time. Apart from the basic cleanliness, there are certain areas that require special attention to avoid any kind of infection. A good bath is necessary to keep the baby clean and tidy. But make sure you are not over-bathing your baby. Bathing the baby 2 or 3 times a week is sufficient in the first year. Excessive bathing can lead the skin to go dry and chip. It is advised to go for sponge bathing your baby till the time the navel area gets completely healed. Position the baby on a surface that is not hard, (spread a soft towel), in a warm room. Arrange for a warm water, a moist bath linen, and gentle baby soap. One of your hands should all the time be on the baby. Expose only that area of baby's body which is to be washed, keeping the rest of the body covered by a towel. Do not use soap on baby's face. And wash rest of the body using mildly soapy water
Baby's nails are an important part that requires proper hygiene. Always keep baby's nails well-trimmed so that he/she cannot scratch himself/herself. The ideal time to trim your baby's nails is when he/she is in sleep. Do not cut the nails too deep, it can hurt the baby. Baby-sized nail clippers or scissors can be used to clip the nails.
Mother's must pay special attention towards the baby's ears. Make sure you are washing only and strictly the outer ear and not the inside of the ear. Never use a cotton bud or swab to clean baby's ear as it can lead to damage of eardrum leading to permanent deafness.
Proper cleaning of baby's nose is also essential part of the overall cleanliness of the baby. Look out for dried mucus collected in the nose, this can sometimes create problem for the baby to breathe. Use a damp wash cloth to gently clean any dried mucus in the nostrils.(Stop if the baby is feeling irritated and upset.) Use a nasal syringe to remove excess mucus from a runny or engorged , to avoid any kind of breathing problem.
Cloth diapers are less expensive than disposable ones, but unless you use a diaper service, cloth diapers are more work for you. Most newborns use about 10 diapers a day. If you are going to wash diapers, start with about 4 dozen. You can always buy more if you find this isn't enough.
Words:
1. method – метод
2. good health – хорошее здоровье
3. industrial hazards – опасности, вызванные деятельностью промышленностью
4. water supply – водоснабжение
5. exposure – воздействие
6. infectious disease – инфекционная болезнь
7. digestive tract – пищеварительный тракт
8. oral cavity – ротовая полость
9. personal hygiene – личная гигиена
10. oil glands – сальные железы
11. surface- поверхность
12. sweat glands – потовые железы
13. to require – требовать
14. sufficient – достаточный
15. navel – пупок
16. to heal – заживать
17. to require – требовать
18. cotton bud – ватная палочка
19. deafness – глухота
20. diaper – подгузник
Ex.1. Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Включает, опасности, вызванные промышленностью
, эти аспекты, хорошее здоровье, подверженность риску инфекционных заболеваний, вентиляция (проветривание), заботиться о, зрение, хронические инфекции, очень важно, пупок, накрыт полотенцем, подстричь ногти, ватная палочка, чистить уши, назальный шприц.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
A lot of methods; to maintain; a great many aspects of living; possible contacts; the source of water supply; the people’s health., ventilation, industrial hazards, exposure to infectious diseases, these aspects, personal hygiene, oral cavity, oil glands, sweat glands, extremely important, certain areas, bathing the baby, the navel area, soft towel, baby's nails, a nasal syringe, cloth diapers.
Ex. 3. Answer the questions. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What does the hygiene of the body include?
2. How many aspects of living does hygiene involve?
3. What do all these aspects influence?
4. What helps to keep the baby clean and tidy?
5. What is the ideal time to trim baby's nails?
6. Why is proper cleaning of baby's nose so important?
7. How many diapers a day do most newborns use?
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Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
A lot of methods; to maintain; a great many aspects of living; possible contacts; the source of water supply; the people’s health., ventilation, industrial hazards, exposure to infectious diseases, these aspects, personal hygiene, oral cavity, oil glands, sweat glands, extremely important, certain areas, bathing the baby, the navel area, soft towel, baby's nails, a nasal syringe, cloth diapers.
Ex. 3. Answer the questions. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What does the hygiene of the body include?
2. How many aspects of living does hygiene involve?
3. What do all these aspects influence?
4. What helps to keep the baby clean and tidy?
5. What is the ideal time to trim baby's nails?
6. Why is proper cleaning of baby's nose so important?
7. How many diapers a day do most newborns use?
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OUR MEALS AND DIET
Our eating habits affect our health. If a person has no breakfast, or poor breakfast he feels tired or cross and hungry till lunch. Food is a form of fuel. It gives us energy, helps us to grow, resist disease and form strong teeth and bones. Different foods do different things for the body. If a person wants to be in good health he must be careful about his meals and diet.
Diet should contain everything sufficient to supply the needs of the body. People of physical work need more food than and form strong teeth and bones. It is important to know that a diet must consist of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, water and vitamins.
In the hospital the doctor usually prescribes the diet for every patient. A person with high temperature and poor appetite needs caloric diet. You can treat many diseases by diet.
Words:
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habit - привычка -
to feel tired or cross - чувствовать себя усталым и раздраженным -
fuel - топливо -
sufficient - достаточный -
to supply - снабжать, поставлять
Ex.1.Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Влиять на здоровье; сопротивляться болезни; содержать все необходимое, чтобы обеспечить потребности тела; умственная работа; углеводы; плохой аппетит
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
a form of fuel; form strong teeth and bones; must consist of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, water and vitamins
Ex.3 Answer the questions. Ответьте на вопросы.
-
What will happen if we have no breakfast? -
Why do we say that food is a form of fuel? -
Why must a person be careful about meals and diet? -
Do people of mental work need more food? -
What diet does a person with high temperature and poor appetite need?
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VITAMINS
Vitamins play a very important role in human health. The story of vitamins began more than 100 years ago when a Polish chemist extracted from rice polishings a crystalline substance. This substance could cure beriberi. The chemist called it "vitamin". Vitamins are necessary for the growth and health, development and general health of the body. Overdosage of some vitamins may be harmful, so people must take normal doses of them. In planning a nutrition program for a person, we must know that certain foods are the best sources of each body requirement. We must eat carrots, fish, oil and eggs because they contain vitamin A which protects eyesight, increases resistance to infection. We may find vitamin В in liver, yeast and eggs. It strengthens nervous system. Fruit and vegetables contain vitamin С which helps to recover after illness. We find vitamins D and E in milk, eggs, fish liver oil, yeast and soya. They help the body in formation of bones and strong teeth, improve poor blood circulation.
Words:
-
rice polishing – рисовая шелуха; -
resistance - сопротивляемость; -
yeast - дрожжи; -
to improve - улучшать; -
nutrition - питание; -
requirement - требование, запрос; -
certain - определенный.
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Играют очень важную роль
; дозировки в пределах нормы; при планировании программы питания; защищает зрение; укрепляет нервную систему; рыбий жир.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
a crystalline substance; are necessary for the growth and health; may be harmful ; certain foods are the best sources of each body requirement; resistance to infection;
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Do vitamins play a very important role in human health?
2. When did the story of vitamins begin?
3. What are the vitamins necessary for?
4. What vitamin protects eyesight, increases resistance to infection?
5. Does vitamin D help the body in formation of bones and strong teeth?
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Minerals are an essential part of life on Earth as they work to promote the health of all living cells. They are necessary ingredients of life. There are over 20 minerals which are essential for mammalian life on Earth. Among these, there are some minerals that appear with the most prevalence in the human body.
Calcium plays an important role in forming bones and teeth; helps with blood clotting, and muscle and nerve function.
We can find calcium in salmon, sardines, milk, cheese, yogurt, calcium-set tofu, Chinese cabbage, kale, broccoli. Lack of calcium can lead to bone density issues, dental concerns, and muscular cramping. Overdosage of calcium can cause kidney stones; faulty kidney function; high blood levels of calcium; calcium deposits in soft tissue; decreased absorption of iron, zinc and magnesium
Iodine is a part of the thyroid hormones; it prevents goiter and a birth defect called infantile myxedema.
We can find this mineral in iodized salt, seafood, kelp.
Overdosage of iodine can lead to elevated level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Iron is a part of hemoglobin; it helps blood carry oxygen to your body’s tissues and muscles; needed to make energy; supports immune system health; prevents one type of anemia We can find iron in meat, fish, poultry, lentils, beans, fortified breads and cereals.
Possible effects of taking too much are an upset stomach; constipation; diarrhea; dark stools; decreased absorption of zinc, calcium and copper.
Magnesium helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function; it sustains regular heartbeat; keeps bones strong; helps your body produce energy.
Magnesium is contained in meats, seafood, milk, cheese, yogurt, green leafy vegetables, bran cereal, nuts.
Possible effects of taking too much are diarrhea; nausea; appetite loss; muscle weakness; trouble breathing; low blood pressure; irregular heartbeat; mental changes; kidney failure.
Phosphorus is essential for healthy bones; helps your body produce energy .
It is contained in milk, yogurt, cheese, peas, meat, fish, eggs, some cereals and breads
Overdosage of phosphorus can cause decreased absorption of calcium. It also can join with calcium in the blood and form calcium deposits in soft tissue and also lead to porous bones.
Zinc supports your immune system; needed for wound healing and tissue repair; maintains your sense of taste and smell; helps digestion; supports normal reproduction, growth and development
We can find zinc in red meats, liver, oysters, certain seafood, milk products, eggs, beans, nuts, whole grains, and fortified cereals.
Possible effects of taking too much are decreased absorption of iron and copper; reduced immune function; reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)—also called the “good cholesterol”
Life is a game of balance. The dietary minerals or elements as they're known today, that are in every human are in a constant balancing act to regulate cellular health, which leads to total body health. Deviations in the balance of any of these elements can have adverse effects that could be life threatening. By promoting a balanced range of nutrition, you will be providing your body with the essential dietary elements which are necessary to develop and grow.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
a crystalline substance; are necessary for the growth and health; may be harmful ; certain foods are the best sources of each body requirement; resistance to infection;
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Do vitamins play a very important role in human health?
2. When did the story of vitamins begin?
3. What are the vitamins necessary for?
4. What vitamin protects eyesight, increases resistance to infection?
5. Does vitamin D help the body in formation of bones and strong teeth?
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MINERALS
Minerals are an essential part of life on Earth as they work to promote the health of all living cells. They are necessary ingredients of life. There are over 20 minerals which are essential for mammalian life on Earth. Among these, there are some minerals that appear with the most prevalence in the human body.
Calcium plays an important role in forming bones and teeth; helps with blood clotting, and muscle and nerve function.
We can find calcium in salmon, sardines, milk, cheese, yogurt, calcium-set tofu, Chinese cabbage, kale, broccoli. Lack of calcium can lead to bone density issues, dental concerns, and muscular cramping. Overdosage of calcium can cause kidney stones; faulty kidney function; high blood levels of calcium; calcium deposits in soft tissue; decreased absorption of iron, zinc and magnesium
Iodine is a part of the thyroid hormones; it prevents goiter and a birth defect called infantile myxedema.
We can find this mineral in iodized salt, seafood, kelp.
Overdosage of iodine can lead to elevated level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Iron is a part of hemoglobin; it helps blood carry oxygen to your body’s tissues and muscles; needed to make energy; supports immune system health; prevents one type of anemia We can find iron in meat, fish, poultry, lentils, beans, fortified breads and cereals.
Possible effects of taking too much are an upset stomach; constipation; diarrhea; dark stools; decreased absorption of zinc, calcium and copper.
Magnesium helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function; it sustains regular heartbeat; keeps bones strong; helps your body produce energy.
Magnesium is contained in meats, seafood, milk, cheese, yogurt, green leafy vegetables, bran cereal, nuts.
Possible effects of taking too much are diarrhea; nausea; appetite loss; muscle weakness; trouble breathing; low blood pressure; irregular heartbeat; mental changes; kidney failure.
Phosphorus is essential for healthy bones; helps your body produce energy .
It is contained in milk, yogurt, cheese, peas, meat, fish, eggs, some cereals and breads
Overdosage of phosphorus can cause decreased absorption of calcium. It also can join with calcium in the blood and form calcium deposits in soft tissue and also lead to porous bones.
Zinc supports your immune system; needed for wound healing and tissue repair; maintains your sense of taste and smell; helps digestion; supports normal reproduction, growth and development
We can find zinc in red meats, liver, oysters, certain seafood, milk products, eggs, beans, nuts, whole grains, and fortified cereals.
Possible effects of taking too much are decreased absorption of iron and copper; reduced immune function; reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)—also called the “good cholesterol”
Life is a game of balance. The dietary minerals or elements as they're known today, that are in every human are in a constant balancing act to regulate cellular health, which leads to total body health. Deviations in the balance of any of these elements can have adverse effects that could be life threatening. By promoting a balanced range of nutrition, you will be providing your body with the essential dietary elements which are necessary to develop and grow.
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