Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Where does the NHS provide free medical care in Great Britain?
2. How do doctors help foreign visitors and citizens of the country?
3. What do the general practitioner services include?
4. Is GP´s role important in GB? Why?
5. Why was it necessary to build new and big hospitals in Great Britain?
6. Health centers provide all special diagnostic and therapeutic services family doctors may need, don’t they?
7. Can a patient come to the center without appointment?
8. Should doctors do their best to help patients as much as possible?
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When you are ill you consult a doctor. He prescribes you the treatment and writes out a prescription.
At the chemist's you can get patent medicines of all kinds: ampules of glucose and camphor for injections, different pills, tablets and powders, cough mixtures, heart drops, nasal drops, vitamins, cod liver oil, ointments, sleeping draughts, laxatives, sedatives, bandages, adhesive plasters, mustard plasters, bottles of iodine.
There are usually two departments in a large chemist s at the chemist s department one can have the medicine immediately, other drugs have to be ordered at the prescription department.
At the chemist’s all medicines are kept in drug cabinets, on the open shelves and in the refrigerator. Every small bottle, a tube or a box has a label with the name of the medicine. There are labels of four colours: green labels indicate medicines for internal use; blue labels indicate drugs for injections, labels of a yellow colour indicate drugs for external application and labels of a pink colour indicate drugs for the treatment of eye diseases. The single dose and the total dosage are indicated on the label.
At the chemist’s one can buy different drugs for intramuscular and intravenous injections, tubes of ointments, different pills and tablets for internal use, tonics and sedatives; drugs for cough and headache; cardiac medicines; herbs and things for medical care (hot-water bottles, medicine droppers, cups, thermometers) and many other things.
One must be careful using medicine.
Words:
1. A chemist - аптека
2. a chemist s department - отдел ручной продажи
3. a prescription department - рецептурный отдел
4. for internal use - для внутреннего использования
5. for external application - для внешнего использования
6. to indicate - указывать,показывать
7. cod liver oil - рыбий жир
8. infusion - настой
9. drops - капли
10.tincture - настойка
11.powder - порошок
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Лечение; выписывать рецепт; различные таблетки; снотворное; слабительное средство; рыбий жир; два отдела; внутримышечные и внутривенные
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
you can get patent medicines of all kinds; have to be ordered at the prescription department; all medicines are kept in drug cabinets; drugs for external application ; must be careful using medicine.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1.What can you get at the chemist's
2.How many departments are there in a large chemist s?
3.Where are all medicines kept in?
4.What do labels of four colours mean?
5.How must we use medicine?
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The metric system is used exclusively when ordering and prescribing drugs. The metric unit of weight is the gram
(g) and this is divided into thousandths called milligrams
(mg).The unit of volume is the liter
(l) which is subdivided into thousandths called milliliters
(ml). A liter is equivalent to just under two pints. The standard medicine teaspoon holds 5 ml.
Various reference books are available to help practitioners keep up to date with new drugs, the trade names of drugs, dosages and precautions with particular drugs. Manufacturers are also legally required to provide data sheets for all new drugs, giving full details of usage.
Drugs may be administered externally or internally.
Drugs are classified into groups which have a specific action, such as antibacterial drugs, which are used for the treatment of infections, or local anesthetics, which abolish pain. Some drugs belong to more than one group. For example, lignocaine, which is local and surface anesthetic. Let's take antibacterial drugs as an example.
They are administered internally to kill bacteria.
Antibiotics are drugs originally derived from microorganisms: for example, penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Many people are allergic to penicillin and its derivatives. If such people are given any of these drugs they are liable to develop a dangerous reaction. Patients must always be asked beforehand if they are allergic to penicillin or any other drugs.
There are strict legal requirements for the purchase, storage, use, identification, dispensing and prescription of drugs.
Many drugs are poisonous if taken accidentally or in excess; others caustic and may cause painful burns. Some common sense precautions in storing drugs are to keep them well away from food and drinks; keep poisons locked up in a special poisons cabinet; and to keep caustics on the lowest shelf where accidental spillage cannot affect the eyes or burn the face.
Stocks of drugs must be stored in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and not kept beyond their expiry date. Records of their purchase, supply and expiry date must be kept for at least 11 years. Any drugs which have passed their expiry date should be discarded, together with any solutions which have become discolored or cloudy.
Certain drugs, such as adrenaline, halothane and hydrogen peroxide must be stored in dark bottles to prevent premature deterioration, while poisons bottles are ribbed to indicate by touch that their contents are dangerous.
Words: -
drug - лекарство, наркотик
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exclusively - исключительно
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prescribe - предписывать
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volume - объем
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reference book - справочник
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available - доступный
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precaution - осторожность, противопоказание
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data sheet - вкладыш – инструкция
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administer - назначать, применять, давать (лекарство)
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externally - наружно
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anesthetic - анестетик
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abolish - снимать, устранять
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kill - убивать
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derive - происходить от
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derivatives - производные
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liable - подверженный, склонный
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beforehand - заранее
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order – заказывать
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just under two pints – приблизительно двум пинтам
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various reference books are available – существуют самые различные справочники
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keep up to date with new drugs – осваивать новые препараты
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trade names – торговые знаки (зарегистрированные фирменные названия, например, лекарств)
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to provide data sheets – обеспечить вкладышем – инструкцией
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which abolish pain – которые действуют обезболивающе
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
метрическая система, деленные на тысячные доли, стандартная чайная ложка содержит 5 мл, торговый знак, в соответствии с законом, представляя детальное предписание по употреблению, внутреннее или наружное применение, классифицироваться по группам, местное обезболивающее, получаемые из микроорганизмов, быть аллергенным, опросить заранее.
Ex.2 Answer the questions. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What system is used when ordering and prescribing drugs?
2. What is the metric unit of weight?
3. What units of volume do you know?
4. Why are reference books useful to practitioners?
5. Who are legally required to provide full details of new drugs usage?
6. How are drugs administered?
7. What groups are drugs classified into?
8. Do drugs belong only to one group?
9. What is the aim of administering antibacterial drugs?
10.What are antibiotics originally derived from?
11. What reaction can develop if the people are allergic to some drugs?
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Infection means invasion of the body by microorganisms which are harmful. Every infectious disease has its own specific way of invasion into a human body. Infection may pass from one person to another through blood, stools, saliva, instruments; it may enter the body through skin cuts, it may be swallowed.
There are intestinal infections, which are spread through intestines and stools; infections of the respiratory tract, which are spread during coughing or talking; skin infections and infections spread by living insects.
All-the infectious diseases are divided in several stages. They are: 1) the period of incubation, 2) the prodromal stage during which the initial symptoms may appear, 3) the stage of a fully developed disease, 4) the stage of decline
To establish a proper disease it is necessary to do some laboratory tests at the right time and in the right place.
Characteristic symptoms of the diseases may be local and systemic. Symptoms very according a disease, but a sore throat, sneezing, nausea and vomiting, restlessness and prostration, pain the limbs and back, rash may occur among the most characteristic local symptoms.
A lot of disease may begin with these symptoms.
It is necessary for a medical staff to be careful during physical examination of the infected patients. There are two important steps which mustn't omitted: to take the temperature and examine the throat. A nurse who looks after the infected person must wear a special gown and a mask. She must wash her hands with soap as often as she can, she must be very careful to prevent the spread of the infection.
Words:
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infection - инфекция
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infectious - инфекционный
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invasion - инвазия, вторжениеi
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intestinal - кишечный
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respiratory - респираторный
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insect - насекомое
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prodromal - предшествующий
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decline - упадок, стихание
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Микроорганизмами; может переходить; через порезы в коже; можно проглотить; во время кашля или разговора; распространяемые живыми насекомыми; делятся; чтобы осмотреть горло; ухаживать за инфицированным больным; предотвратить распространение инфекции.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.Invasion of the body; specific way of invasion; it may be swallowed; through intestines and stools; skin infections; are divided; fully developed disease; characteristic symptoms; rash may occur; medical staff; must be very careful.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы. 1. What does infection mean ?
2. In what ways may infection pass?
3. What kinds of infections are there ?
4. How many stages are infectious diseases divided in ?
5. What is necessary for a medical staff during examination of the infected patients ?
7. What are the main tasks for nurses?
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Swine influenza is a new highly infectious respiratory disease of pigs caused by influenza a (H1N1) that was not previously detected in swine or humans. Infection in human is a result of close contact with infected animals. Later the infection is spread by human-to-human transmission. If efficient human-to-human transmission is established, a pandemic is possible.
Symptoms of H1N1 influenza (swine flu) are the same as of seasonal influenza: fever, cough, a sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
Persons with these symptoms should stay at home, avoid close contact with people who are not sick, wash their hands often, avoid touching their eyes, nose and mouth and should call their districts doctor immediately. The duration of illness is typically 4-6 days.
If swine flu is suspected, the doctor should obtain a respiratory swab for H1N1 influenza testing and send it to the laboratory for diagnostic study.
Treatment of a patient ill with swine flu, is largely supportive and consists of the following: a doctor must give a patient a sick list or take him to the hospital prescribe him a bed regimen, much fluid to drink, cough suppressants , may require intravenous injection and others supportive measures.
If there is a confirmed case of H1N1 flu, preventive measures are recommended. Schools and colleges should be closed for some time. Children and students must avoid all meetings. Duration of schools and colleges closing depends on epidemiological findings.
Words: -
pandemic - пандемия
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chills - озноб, дрожь
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fatigue - усталость, утомление
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diarrhea - понос
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nausea - тошнота
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vomiting - рвота
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respiratory swab - мазок из верхних дыхательных путей
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сough suppressants - противокашлевое средство
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antipyretic - жаропонижающее средство
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to confirm - подтверждать
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Инфекционное респираторное заболевание; вызванное; тесный контакт; распространяется; устанавливается; озноб и усталость; тошнота и рвота; участковый врач; продолжительность заболевания; подозревается; мазок из верхних дыхательных путей; поддерживающий; пить много жидкости; внутривенная инфекция; предупредительные меры; должны избегать встреч; показатель.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.Highly infectious disease ; close contact ; infected animals ; human -to-human transmission ; seasonal influenza ; should call a district doctors ; should obtain a respiratory swab ; antipyretics and analgesics for fever; other supportive measures ; schools and colleges should be closed ; depends on epidemiological findings
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.1. What is swine influenza ?
2. How is swine influenza spread ?
3. Is pandemic of swine influenza possible ?
4. What are the symptoms of swine influenza ?
5. What is the treatment of swine flu ?
6. Should a patient stay at home if he becomes ill?
7. What are the tasks of a district doctor?
8. What preventive measures are recommended if there is a confirmed case of a swine flu ?
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