For inhalation poisoning: -
Call for emergency help.
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If it is safe, open windows and doors to remove the fumes.
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Take several deep breaths of fresh air, and then hold your breath as you go in. Hold a wet cloth over your nose and mouth.
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Do not light a match or use a lighter because some gases can catch fire.
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After rescuing the person from danger, check and monitor the person's airway, breathing, and pulse. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR.
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If necessary, perform first aid for eye injuries or convulsion first aid.
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If the person vomits, clear the person's airway. Wrap a cloth around your fingers before cleaning out the mouth and throat.
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Even if the person seems perfectly fine, get medical help.
Words: -
swallow - глотать
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inject – впрыскивать, вводить
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to be exposed – подвергаться воздействию
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harmful – вредоносный, опасный для здоровья
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occur by accident – происходить случайно
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carbon monoxide gas – угарный газ
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over-the-counter – продаваемые без рецепта
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illicit – незаконный
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household – домашний
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airway – дыхательный путь
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rescue breathing – искусственное дыхание
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CPR - СЛР, сердечно-лёгочная реанимация (искусственное дыхание и закрытый массаж сердца)
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empty – опустошать
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stomach – желудок
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fume – газ, пар, испарения
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Обмотайте ткань вокруг пальца, кусочки растений, проверьте и следите за дыхательными путями человека, химический запах дыхания, необычный запах, проверить пульс, первая помощь при конвульсиях, нелегальные наркотики, человек выглядит в порядке.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.occur by accident, over-the-counter and prescription medicines, burns around the mouth, identify, wash the skin with water, deep breaths of fresh air, first aid for eye injuries, clean out the mouth and throat
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы. -
What can cause the poisoning?
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What to do if the poison has spilled on the person's clothes?
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What to do if the person vomits?
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Do you need to keep the person comfortable?
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What to do if the person starts having convulsions?
Text
Insect bites and stings can cause an immediate skin reaction. The bite from fire ants and the sting from bees, wasps, and hornets are usually painful. Bites caused by mosquitoes, fleas, and mites are more likely to cause itching than pain. Insect and spider bites cause more deaths from poisoning than bites from snakes.
Considerations. In most cases, bites and stings can be easily treated at home.
Some people have extreme reactions that require immediate medical treatment to prevent death.
Certain spider bites, such as the black widow or brown recluse, can be serious and life-threatening. Most spider bites, however, are harmless. If bitten by an insect or spider, bring it for identification if this can be done quickly and safely.
Symptoms. Symptoms depend on the type of bite or sting. They may include pain, redness, swelling, itching, burning, numbness, tingling
Some people have severe, life-threatening reactions to bee stings or insect bites. This is called anaphylactic shock. This condition can occur very quickly and lead to rapid death if not treated quickly.
Symptoms of anaphylaxis can occur quickly and affect the whole body. They include: chest pain, face or mouth swelling, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing.
First AidFor severe reactions:
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Check the person's airways and breathing. If necessary, call ambulance and begin rescue breathing and CPR.
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Reassure the person. Try to keep him or her calm.
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Remove nearby rings and constricting items because the affected area may swell.
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Use the person's EpiPen or other emergency kit, if they have one. (Some people who have serious insect reactions carry it with them.)
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If appropriate, treat the person for signs of shock. Remain with the person until medical help arrives.
General steps for most bites and stings:- Remove the stinger by scraping the back of a credit card or other straight-edged object across the stinger. Do not use tweezers -- these may squeeze the venom sac and increase the amount of venom released.
- Wash the site thoroughly with soap and water.
- Place ice (wrapped in a washcloth) on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process.
-If necessary, take an antihistamine, or apply creams that reduce itching.
-Over the next several days, watch for signs of infection (such as increasing redness, swelling, or pain).
DO NOT -
Do NOT apply a tourniquet.
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Do NOT give the person stimulants, aspirin, or other pain medication unless prescribed by the doctor.
When to Contact a Medical ProfessionalCall 911 of your local emergency number if someone with a sting has the following symptoms:
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Trouble breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath
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Swelling anywhere on the face or in the mouth
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Throat tightness or difficulty swallowing
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Feeling weak
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Turning blue
If you had a severe, body-wide reactions to a bee sting, your doctor should send you to an allergist for skin testing and therapy. You should receive an emergency kit to carry with you wherever you go.
Prevention -
Avoid rapid, jerky movements around insect hives or nests.
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Avoid perfumes and floral-patterned or dark clothing.
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Use appropriate insect repellants and protective clothing.
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Use caution when eating outdoors, especially with sweetened beverages or in areas around garbage cans, which often attract bees.
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If have severe allergies to insect bites or stings, you should have an emergency kit and EpiPen. Make sure your friends and family know how to use it if you have a reaction.
Words:
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fire ant-муравей
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wasp-оса
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hornet- шершень
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mite-клещ
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numbness-онемение
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tingling-покалывание
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stinger-жало
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venom sac-мешочек с ядом
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hive- улей
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emergency kit-аптечка
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floral-patterned-узор на ткани в виде цветов
Ex.1. Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.укусы насекомых и жалящих; блохи и клещи; пауки; можно вылечить в домашних условиях; безвредный; предоставить для опознания; скоропостижная кончина; близлежащие кольца; тщательно вымыть водой с мылом; признаки инфекции; повязка; резкие движения; сладкие напитки; шприц с дозой антидота; убедиться, что друзья и семья знают.
Ex.2. Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.immediate skin reaction; to have extreme reactions; redness, swelling, itching, burning, numbness, tingling; if not treated quickly; airways and breathing; person's EpiPen; tweezers; scraping the back of a credit card; to apply creams that reduce itching; throat tightness; turning blue; to use appropriate insect repellants.
Ex.3. Answer the questions: - ответьте на вопросы: -
What can insect bites and stings cause?
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What bite is usually painful, cause itching?
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Certain spider bites, such as the black widow or brown recluse, can be serious and life-threatening, can’t they?
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Can a bite cause anaphylactic shock?
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What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?
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Do you know the first aid at severe reactions?
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Why is it prohibited to apply a tourniquet or give a person stimulants?
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What are the special signs in patient’s condition for contacting a medical professional?
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How can a person prevent insect bites and stings?
Text
Your bones are tough stuff — but even tough stuff can break. Like a wooden pencil, bones will bend under strain. But if the pressure is too much, or too sudden, bones can snap. You can break a bone by falling off a skateboard or crashing down from the monkey bars. When a bone breaks it is called a
fracture.The word “fracture” means a break in a bone.
There are two kinds of fractures: closed and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.
Doctors describe fractures in the following ways:
A
complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces.
A
greenstick fracture is when the bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through.
A
single fracture is when the bone is broken in one place.
A
comminuted fracture is when the bone is broken into more than two pieces or crushed.
A
bowing fracture, which only happens in kids, is when the bone bends but doesn't break.
If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of the break. The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move. If you think you or someone else has broken a bone, the most important things to do are to:
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stay calm
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make sure the person who is hurt is as comfortable as possible
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do not let the person move
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use a splint for the broken limb
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bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture
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call the emergency number in your area
One super-important tip: If you're not sure what bone is broken or you think the neck or back is broken, do not try to move the injured person. Wait until a trained medical professional has arrived.
Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs. the special bandage that will keep the bone in place for the 1 to 2 months it will take for the break to mend.
Words:1. fracture – перелом
2. to break – ломать, перелом
3. bone – кость
4. closed – закрытый
5. open – открытый
6. to complain of – жаловаться на
7. to move – двигаться
8.
comminuted fracture – оскольчатый перелом
9.
single fracture – единичный перелом
10. greenstick fracture – прелом по типу зеленой веточки11. complete fracture – полный перелом12. to appear – появляться
13. splint – шина
14. to bind - перевязывать
15. X-rays – рентгеновы лучи
16. plaster cast – гипсовая повязка
17. limb – конечность
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Нет раны на коже, более серьёзный, жаловаться на боль, становиться более сильной, пытаться двигаться, не позволяйте, наложите шину, на сломанные конечности.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
To bend under strain, by falling off a skateboard, a break in a bone, more serious, a wound on the skin, an open fracture, a closed fracture, a comminuted fracture, a single fracture, a greenstick fracture, a complete fracture, to see the break, to put plaster casts/
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What does the word “fracture” mean?
2. What kinds of fractures do you know?
3. What fracture is more serious?
4. When does the pain become more severe?
5. How can you help the person with fracture?
6. What do the doctors do with fractures?
Text
It is very dangerous to fall asleep in the open air when the sun is hot or to be in the hot sun for a long time without a hat. You may get a sunstroke.
When a person has a sunstroke, he has a high temperature. His skin is very hot, dry and red. He has a bad headache ant can even lose consciousness. Sunstroke can cause death. One must avoid walking in excessive heat conditions during the summers. It is important to stay cool.
If you help a person who has a sunstroke:
1. Take the patient into a cool and shady place.
2. Put him on his back.
3. Raise his head and shoulders a little.
4. Put cold cloth on his head.
5. Cool his body with cold water.
6. Rub his skin with a sponge to keep up blood circulation.
If you are suffering heatstroke alone:
1. Get into a shady, cool (preferably air-conditioned) area.
2. Call emergency services. Even if you still feel like you are hanging in there, you may start going into shock and be unable to call for help when you really need it. Prolonged heat stroke damages the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles, so it’s better to be safe than sorry.
3. Remove any extra clothing (hat, shoes, socks) to aid in the cooling process.
4. Get in a cold bath, shower, stream, or pond if possible. Otherwise, put a cool, wet rag on the back of your neck, on your groin, and/or in your armpits. If you can, mist and fan yourself to promote evaporative cooling.
5. Lie down and raise your feet by about a foot (30cm). This will help you avoid potential shock.
6. Replenish your fluids and electrolytes. If you have it, slowly sip Gatorade to counteract both dehydration and the loss of salts through sweating, but don’t drink quickly or you could induce shock. If you don’t have Gatorade, sip plain water; trying to hunt down the right beverage in a panic will hurt more than help.
7. Calm yourself. Minimize your agitation by breathing deeply and focusing your thoughts away from what is happening to you.
During the summer, we try to go to the sea to get a welcome dose of sunshine and warmth. To make sure we stay undamaged, we must be aware of the danger of heat or sunstroke in advance and take the necessary measures.
Words:
1. sunstroke – солнечный удар
2. dry – сухой
3. headache – головная боль
4. to cool – охлаждать
5. sponge – губка
6. to keep up – поддерживать
7. blood circulation - кровообращение
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
На открытом воздухе, высокая температура, сухая красная кожа, сильная головная боль, потерять сознание, перенести в прохладное помещение