There are many polyclinics in our country. Doctors of different specialties: therapeutist, neurologists, surgeons, dentists, oculists, psychiatrists, urologists and nurses wore there. There are many different laboratories, x-ray and procedure rooms, consulting and waiting rooms in our polyclinics.
When a patient comes to the polyclinics he goes to the registry first. A registering clerk on duty asks his name, address, age, occupation and writes it down in the patient’s card.
Doctors examine their patients in their consulting rooms. During the medical examination doctors question their patients thoroughly, listen to their heart and lungs, feel their pulse and take their blood pressure, palpate, auscultate and percuss them, make the diagnosis, fill in their cards and prescribe them a special treatment.
During the physical examination doctors use such methods as palpation, percussion, auscultation, questioning a patient, feeling his pulse, taking electrocardiograms, etc.
At the end of the physical examination doctors make a diagnosis, prescribe the necessary medicine and treatment if it is necessary.
Our doctors treat patients not only with the help of different mixtures, powders, injections, but they always use a good bedside manner and deal with patients very carefully.
The duty of the doctor is to treat a patient not only with different remedies but with a kind word and hearty attitude.
Words: -
specialty - специальность
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laboratory - лаборатория
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therapeutist - терапевт
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x-ray room - рентгеновский кабинет
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neurologist - невролог
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procedure room - процедурный кабинет
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surgeon - хирург
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waiting room - комната ожидания
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psychiatrist - психолог
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registry - регистратура
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urologist - уролог
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to auscultate - выслушивать(мед)
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nurse - м.сестра
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to percuss-выстукивать(мед.)
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Врачи разных специальностей, процедурные кабинеты, медицинский осмотр, поставить диагноз, измерять кровяное давление, лечить пациента.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.Сonsulting and waiting rooms, listen to heart and lungs, to auscultate and percuss, prescribe them a special treatment, to use a good bedside manner.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.1.What are our policlinics equipped with?
2.Where do doctors examine their patients ?
3.What do doctors do during the medical examination ?
4. What kind of methods do doctors use during the physical examination ?
5. How must the doctor treat a patient ?
TextHOSPITALWhen patients are admitted to the hospital, they are examined by a doctor on duty in the reception ward. He gives the instructions to what wards and departments a sick person should be admitted.
A nurse on duty fills-in a patient’s case report (case history) in which she writes down a name and initial diagnosis made by a doctor at the polyclinic (= made by a district doctor).
At the in-patient department nurses begin working early in the morning. They take patient’s to, give them intramuscular and intravenous injections, take stomach juice for analysis apply cups and mustard plasters, give all prescribed medicines (remedies).
The drugs are kept in a special drug cabinet’. All medicines have labels with names and doses indicated on them.
Doctors begin to make rounds at nine o’clock in the morning.
After medical check-up (examination) doctors administer different procedures to the patients. They order electrocardiograms to be taken of some patients. Other patients are to undergo lab. tests. Some patients are administered a bed regimen, some are recommended (allowed) to have a walk, some are to follow a special diet to relieve pain in the stomach or to prevent stomach troubles.
As a rule the doctors treat their patients carefully that helps sick people to get better.
As soon as the patient is admitted to the in-patient department the ward doctor fills-in the patient’s case report (case history, case record, in-patient'’ card, in-patient’s chart – история болезни). It must include the information about the patient’s parents – if they alive or dead.
The doctor must know what caused the death and at what age the parents died. It is necessary for a doctor to know if anybody in the family has ever been ill with tuberculosis or has had any mental or emotional impairments. This information composes the family history (семейный, наследственный анамнез).
The patient’s medical history (case report, case record, medical in-patient card, chart) must include the information about diseases the patient had both as a child and as an adult. The doctor must know if a patient had an operation or a trauma. These finding compose the past history (PH past medical history, life history – жизненный анамнез). The patient’s blood group and his sensitivity to antibiotics must be determined. The doctor writes down the obtained information in the case report.
The attending doctor must know the symptoms and complaints of patients as well as how long the people have had these complaints.
The history of present illness makes a part of a case history. The history of present illness contains a lot of findings, i.e. information of the patient on his admission, the results of laboratory tests and X-ray examination, the course of the disease with any changes in symptoms and condition, the exact doses of the administered (prescribed) medicines, the effects of treatment.
The case history must always be written, very accurately and have exact and complete information.
Words.
1. case history (case report, in-patient card, in-patient chart, case record) – история болезни;
2. to cause the death – вызывать смерть;
3. mental or emotional impairments – душевные или эмоциональные нарушения (повреждения);
4. trauma – травма;
5. past history (PH, past medical history, life history) – жизненный анамнез;
6. blood group – группа крови;
7. sensitivity – чувствительность;
8. the history of present illness – история настоящего заболевания.
Ex.1 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты:
To admit to the hospital, a reception ward, a doctor on duty, a nurse on duty, to fill-in a case report, initial diagnosis, to give intravenous injections, to give intramuscular injections, stomach troubles, bed regimen, accurately, exact, complete information, is admitted to the in-patient department, fills-in, the patient'’ case report, must include, if they alive or not, to cause the death, has ever been ill with, tuberculosis, any mental or emotional impairments, to compose, medical history, must include, to have an operation or a trauma, past history, sensitivity, the patient'’ blood group, the obtained information, symptoms and complaints.
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
история болезни (дать синонимы); точный полный; верный (правильный); при поступлении в больницу
; результаты лабораторного обследования; течение болезни; изменения в симптомах и состоянии больного; дозы выписанного лекарства; воздействие лечения; очень точно; верная и полная информация
Text
The other day two medical students had a very interesting talk with Victor. Victor had graduated from the University two years before. He had been working as an ambulance doctor at the First Aid Station for two years. The two friends were greatly interested in the work of the First Aid Station. Victor was glad to answer their questions. Victor said that in case of an accident or a sudden severe illness calls were made to the First Aid Station which was on duty all day round.
The First Aid Station has many ambulances which are equipped with everything necessary for giving first aid and making a diagnosis. The ambulances carry artificial respiration apparatuses, different medicines, such as painkillers, tonics and sedatives; dressings, first aid instruments, such as pincers, scalpels, syringes and others; sets of splints and stretchers. There are special ambulances equipped with everything necessary for reanimation of the organism. All ambulances are radio equipped. This is a very important thing for the ambulance doctor, because it enables him to send the necessary information to the hospital, so that the hospital can prepare beforehand all the necessary instruments for an urgent operation, a blood transfusion or anything else.
The main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor is to make a correct diagnosis quickly. The ambulance doctor must have a deep knowledge of emergency surgery, toxicology, emergency therapy, obstetrics and gynecology, because he must always do his best to give the patient a proper aid on the spot.
While working as an ambulance doctor Victor had had some interesting cases. Last June, for example, a call was made to the First Aid Station. It turned out that a man had been run over by a car. When Victor reached the place of the accident he examined the victim. The man was badly injured, he had an open bleeding wound in his leg, his arm was fractured, there were many injuries, abrasions and bruises on his face and forehead. The man lost his consciousness and was moaning all the time.
First Victor tried to arrest profuse arterial bleeding; he elevated the injured extremity carefully and applied a tourniquet to it. Next he applied a sterile gauze dressing on the man's face and forehead to prevent contamination. Then Victor examined the arm and applied a splint to it. The injection of morphine and camphor having been given, the man recovered his consciousness, but he complained of nausea. It was necessary to transport the patient to the nearest hospital without delay, because the patient was in a very poor state, in which shock might develop as well. The stretcher-bearers laid the patient down on the stretcher carefully and in 15 minutes the patient was brought to the hospital. If the ambulance doctor hadn't given the patient emergency help, the patient would have died.
Once Victor had to give first aid to a boy who was badly burned. He removed only that clothing which was absolutely necessary. The remaining pieces of the clothing were removed from the burned surface with pincers. Victor didn't carry out any other measures to treat the burn, as excessive handling of the burned part could increase pain and cause shock. If Victor had done so, shock would have developed. The burn was covered with a sterile, dry dressing. Doing this Victor tried to handle the burned part as little as possible. As it was a severe burn involving the whole leg and the knee-joint, a splint was applied over the dressing for the immobilization of the injured extremity.
Just the other day Victor was called to a patient with myocardial infarction. Being questioned the patient said he had been suffering from a severe, squeezing pain in the substernal area for two hours. The patient had had such a pain before, but it had been relieved by nitroglycerin. This time the pain was much more severe and it didn't subside after nitroglycerin. Besides the pain radiated to the left shoulder and arm. The examination suggested myocardial infarction.
Victor came up to the ambulance and called up a thromboembolic team. Before the arrival of the thromboembolic team Victor gave the patient an injection of 1 % promidole and 0,1 % atropine, after which the pain considerably subsided. If Victor had not given the patient these injections, the pain would have been too severe. The thromboembolic team having arrived, the electrocardiogram was taken, the blood analysis was made, the prothrombin time was determined. The electrocardiogram and the blood analyses confirmed the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The patient was transported to the hospital without delay.
Words: -
Syringe - шприц
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Emergency –неотложный
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Gynaecology - гинекология
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Injure – травма, повреждение
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Abrasion – ссадина, царапина
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Bruise – синяк, кровоподтек, гематома
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Moan - стонать
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Elevate - поднимать
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Tourniquet - жгут
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Nausea - тошнота
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Excessive - избыточный
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Joint – сустав
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All day round — круглые сутки
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For reanimation of the organism — для оживления (реанимации) организма.
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This is a very important thing — это очень важно обратите внимание на перевод слова thing после прилагательного:
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The main thing is to make a correct diagnosis. Главное — это поставить правильный диагноз
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he must always do his best — он всегда должен делать все возможное
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shock might develop as well — мог также развиться шок; to develop — развиваться, появляться.
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Оборудование, первая помощь, студенты медики, закончил университет, круглые сутки, ставить диагноз, аппарат искусственного дыхания, оснащены радио, быстро, неотложная хирургия, стараться изо всех сил, потерял сознание, стонал, остановить кровотечение, осмотреть пострадавшего, положить на носилки, обожженная поверхность, перевозить пациента, сделать пациенту уколы.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.To sterilize a syringe, syringes are sterilized before giving injections, an ambulance doctor must always have a syringe with him, emergency case, emergency measures, emergency surgery, emergency therapy, lectures in Emergency Surgery, to take notes of a lecture in Gynaecology, to pass an examination in Gynaecology, injured, to injure badly, to injure seriously, to injure slightly, to be injured in an accident, to injure one's arm, to injure one's leg, to injure the kidney, to injure the liver, abrasions, a slight abrasion, bad abrasions, to get abrasions while falling down, there are abrasions on the patient's face,
bruises, many bruises, there are many bruises on the patient's body, to get bruises in an accident, bruises.Ex. 3. Answer the questions. Ответьте на вопросы.1. With whom did medical students have a very interesting talk the other day?2. When did Victor graduate from the University?
3. Where had Victor been working for two years?
4. What do ambulances carry?
5. What is the main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor?
6. What knowledge must the ambulance doctor have?
7. What did Victor do to arrest profuse arterial bleeding?
8. Why did Victor apply a sterile gauze dressing?