9. What injection did Victor give the man?
10. What did the man complain of after he recovered his consciousness?
11. Why was it necessary to transport the man to the nearest hospital without delay?
12. What did the stretcher-bearers do?
13. What had happened to the boy whom Victor gave first aid?
14. How did Victor remove the remaining pieces of the clothing from the
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The characteristic feature of health care in Russia is the attention paid to the prophylaxis. One of the main tasks is the fight against various diseases is the early detection of the first signs of the diseases. That’s why much attention is paid to the health education of the population.
The primary medical care is provided by polyclinics. Modern polyclinics are large, they have their own laboratories and X-ray, physiotherapy (medical treatment), surgical and dental departments. There are polyclinics for adult patients and for children. Out-patients are seen at the polyclinics by district doctors.
The emergency ambulance service operates day and night and is free of charge. A person has to dial 03 for a doctor to come.
Specialized hospitals in big cities are for the treatment of particular diseases –infectious diseases and mental impairments, cancer, eye diseases and others. Nowadays there are a number of private diagnostic and consultation centers, general hospitals specialized clinics in Russia. Medical and health care is provided with compulsory and voluntary medical insurance programs set up by the State via [vaiə] private insurance companies.
Words:
1. health care-здравоохранение
2. district doctor-участковый врач
3. emergency ambulance service –скорая (неотложная) помощь
4. primary medical care- первичная медицинская помощь
5. to be equipped with- быть оборудованным чем-либо
6. qualitative-качественный
7. mental impairment [im'peəmənt]-умственное расстройство
8. medical insurance - медицинское страхование
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Раннее выявление; санитарное просвещение, взрослые пациенты, участковые врачи, работает день и ночь, надо набрать 03, определенные заболевания, обязательное и добровольное страхование.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
the attention paid to the prophylaxis; the fight against various diseases; polyclinics for adult patients and for children; are for the treatment of particular diseases .
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is the characteristic feature of health care in Russia?
2. Why is much attention paid to the health education of the population?
3. What is primary medical care provided by?
4. Is ambulance service free of charge in our country?
5. What are specialized hospitals for?
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Health care system in the USA exists on three levels: the level of the family doctor, the medical institution or hospital and the United States Public Health Service. Not many Americans seek medical help from private doctors.
A private doctor, they call him a family doctor, gives his patients regular examinations and inoculations. In case professional care is needed, the family doctor arranges for the patient to see a specialist or to go to a hospital. The family doctors´ receives pay directly from the patient. Most physicians have private practices. They make use of the hospital`s facilities whenever necessary. A family doctor either has his own private office or works with several other doctors in a so-called group practice.
Many Americans have no family doctor and they come directly to the hospital for all their medical needs. The hospital provides health care to the sick and injured. They have government-financed and private hospitals. The patients are admitted to hospitals or clinics staffed by consulting physicians, residents, interns and highly skilled nurses. The nursing staff is very important. Nurses and patients are in close contact throughout the patients` stay in the hospital. Social services are available to the patients and families regarding personal, emotional, and financial problems that may arise from continued illness or disabilities.
Most hospitals have the following major departments or units: surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and general medicine. They may also have trauma and intensive care units, neurosurgical and renal care units, and a psychiatric unit. The emergency room (unit) is a very special area in the hospital. The emergency patients receive immediate attention.
The cost of medical care in country is very high. Two thirds of the population has private health insurance. Some people have health insurance, life insurance (financial assistance for the relatives in case of death), disability insurance and retirement benefits at their place of employment. Most employees and their families now pay more than 50 per cent of the costs of health insurance. The great cost of medical care in the country and a lot of people who could not pay for it forced the federal government to develop two health insurance programs – Medicaid and Medicare.
Medicaid, started in 1966, is a federal program providing free medical care for low-income people, the aged, the blind and for dependent children.
Medicare, started in 1967, is a health insurance program for the elderly and disabled. It provides free medical care aged Americans over 65, for those who in the past had the greatest medical expenses.
The chief scientific problems facing USA medicine are: heart disease and cancer. The chief causes of suffering and death today are cancer and cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, stroke and atherosclerosis. Also much medical research is done on illnesses of aging, disabilities caused by arthritis, mental illness, drug addiction, and genetic problems.
Words: -
private doctor – частный врач
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to inoculate - делать прививку
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inoculation – прививка
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consulting physician – врач-консультант
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disability - нетрудоспособность, инвалидность
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retirement - пенсия
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stroke - инсульт
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Medicaid - социальная правительственная программа, обеспечивающая бесплатное медицинское обслуживание беднякам и инвалидам.
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Medicare-правительственная программа, предусматривающая частичную оплату медицинского обслуживания престарелым за счет страхования, остальную часть – за счет государства.
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dependent children - несовершеннолетние дети
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the aged - пожилые
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the blind - слепые
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the disabled - инвалиды
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Здравоохранение; нуждаются в медицинской помощи; больницы, финансируемые государством
; урологическое отделение; пособие по инвалидности; люди с низкими доходами; престарелые; бесплатная медицинская помощь; заболевания сердца; генетические проблемы.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
To give regular examinations and inoculations; to arrange; to receive pay directly from the patient; private practices; the hospitals facilities; provides health care; highly skilled nurses; are in close contact; social services; emergency patients; health insurance; scientific problems.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1 .What kinds of hospitals are there in the USA?
2 .What duties does a private doctor have?
3. Who works at the American hospitals?
4. Do social services help people at the hospitals?
5. Do nurses work in close contact with patients?
6. What are the departments of hospitals?
7. Is the cost of medical care high in the USA?
8. Are there people who can’t pay for medical care?
9. What are Medicaid and Medicare?
10. What are the main problems of medical science in the USA?
Text
In Great Britain the National Health Service (NHS) provides free medical care both in hospitals and in the out-patient clinic. Free emergency medical treatment is given to any visitor from abroad who becomes ill while staying in the country. But those who come to England specifically for treatment must pay for it.
The general practitioner services include the family doctor service, the dental service, the pharmaceutical service and the ophthalmic service. If a patient is dissatisfied with NHS or family doctor, or a dentist, he may change to another one. In fact, 97% of the population uses the NHS. It is necessary to say about the role of the family doctor (General Practitioner – GP), which is very important. As a rule, not all patients need highly specialized attention and GP does 90% or so of the total medical work. Family doctors work in close cooperation with the hospital doctors.
A patient in England may choose between NHS or private treatment. Many people who have enough money prefer to be private patients because they want to establish a closer relationship with the doctor and they do not want to be put in a large ward with other patients.
In big cities there are some private hospitals which people may use.
There are many small hospitals with only about 200 beds in Great Britain.
Most of them are housed in inconvenient buildings because they are over 100 years. They are not economical and cannot provide a full range of service which requires a district hospital of 800 beds or more. Now there are more than 150 big health centers in the UK. The first Scottish health center was opened in Edinburgh in 1953. Health centers are institutions where various medical services both preventive and curative are brought together.
Health centers provide all the special diagnostic and therapeutic services family doctors may need, such as electrocardiography, X-ray, physiotherapy and good administrative and medical records systems. Health centers are the basis of primary care. They provide consultant services in general medicine, ear-nose-throat diseases , obstetrics and surgery, gynecology, ophthalmology, psychiatry and orthopedics. All consultations in the center are by appointment only. The patient is given a definite time at which to attend. Each doctor decides for himself how many patients he can examine in one hour.
The patient is the most important person in the health center and the doctors should direct all their energy towards helping him as much as possible.
Words: -
To be dissatisfied - быть неудовлетворенным
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Close cooperation - тесное сотрудничество
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Enough- достаточно
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Inconvenient - неудобный
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Национальная система здравоохранения; оказывается; население; как правило; нуждаться; работают в тесном сотрудничестве; индивидуальное лечение; быть помещенным; помещены, центр здоровья; рентгенологическое обследование; электрокардиограмма; основа; хирургия; только по назначению; определенное время; за час.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.Our-patient clinic; free medical care; may change; highly specialized attention; to provide; a full range of service; are housed; preventive and curative; by appointment; a definite time; towards.