Part I
Influenza is a very infectious disease. The disease can be mild or severe.
The symptoms of influenza are: high temperature, head-ache, general pains.
In most cases the patient must stay in bed, be warm, drink much water. The patient must stay in bed until the temperature is normal and for the next two or three days he may be up for only short periods. After influenza patients feel weak and often depressed.
As influenza is very infectious you must remember:
Never shake hands when you have a cold. Colds pass trough the hands. But don't say: "I cannot shake hands. I have a cold." Let it be as if you forgot to shake hands. But you must be very polite in speech.
Part II
A 40-year old man came home from his work. In the evening he felt a had headache and cold. Next morning his wife called a doctor. The doctor examined the man and found all the symptoms of influenza. The man complained of pains in the head, back, eyes, limbs and joints. His temperature was 38.5°C (thirty-eight point five). He was hoarse and had a bad cough. He often sneezed. The doctor prescribed some medicine to the man and told him to keep in bed for some days. The man took the medicine regularly and stayed in bed. In a few days the temperature became normal, there was no pain in the limbs and joints but he remained hoarse for several days. In two weeks he was well again and went to work.
Words:
1. influenza – грипп вирусный, инфлюэнца
2. mild – легкий
3. depressed – подавленный
4. joints – сустав
5. to be hoarse – охрипнуть
6. to sneeze- чихать
7. to stay- оставаться
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Заразная болезнь, симптомы гриппа, головная боль, чувствовать слабость, передается при рукопожатии, вызвать врача, осмотреть мужчину, жаловаться на головную боль, охрипнуть, сильно кашлять, прописывать лекарство, принимать лекарство, чихать, выздоравливать.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
A very infectious disease, the symptoms of influenza, general pains, high temperature, head-ache, to stay in bed, to feel weak, to have a cold, to call a doctor, the symptoms of influenza, a bad cough, to take the medicine, pain in the limbs and joints,
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы .
1. Do you know the symptoms of influenza?
2. How long must the patient stay in bed?
3. How does the patient fill after influenza?
4. When did the man feel a had headache and cold?
5. Who called a doctor?
6. What did the man complain of?
Text
This is quite a common disease and every now and then one hears of someone who has jaundice. The disease is acquired by drinking, or eating anything contaminated by the hepatitis virus, which is passed in the infected person's stool.
The presence of hepatitis is a pointer to the inadequate arrangements of safe water supply and sewage disposal in a locality. The virus is very resistant and even boiling does not destroy it.
There is fever, loss of appetite, vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. Loss of appetite and a feeling of being ill is out of proportion of the fever. Even the smell or sight of food may make the person sick. In 4-5 days the urine becomes dark in colour, and later the eyes and skin become yellow. Gradually, the appetite returns and the fever comes down.
The child should remain in bed as long as he has fever and feels ill. Once his appetite returns he can play about in the house, but should not go to nursery school till jaundice has disappeared and he feels quite well.
In the acute stage, the child should be encouraged to drink sweet drinks such as orange juice. Sugarcane juice is excellent. Sugar is good for recovery of the liver.
As the appetite returns, ordinary household food can be given, but you should cut down on butter, oil, fried food.
Words: -
.Jaundice - желтуха
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To cut down - исключить
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Sewage - сточные воды
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Resistant - стойкий
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Disease - болезнь
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Boiling - кипение
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Vomiting - рвота
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты остаточно распространенное заболевание; вирус очень устойчив; потеря аппетита; рвота и боль в верхней части живота; моча становится темного цвета.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.The presence of hepatitis; even boiling does not destroy it; the eyes and skin become yellow; the child should remain in bed; ordinary household food can be given.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы. 1.What kind of disease is hepatitis?
2. Name the common sources of hepatitis?
3. Does boiling destroy it?
4. When does the urine become dark in colour?
5. What are the typical symptoms of hepatitis?
Text
Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease which mainly effects the throat. The symptoms are sore throat, fever, headache. There is difficulty in swallowing. There is a whitish patch in the throat and if it spreads to the windpipe, there is difficulty in breathing. The child looks ill and toxic. The disease can lead to many complications of nerves, heart and kidneys, and sometimes an emergency operation (tracheostomy) may have to be done if the windpipe gets blocked with the membrane and the child has difficulty in breathing. The child will have to be hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital for 3-4 weeks, and then convalescence proceeds at home for a few weeks more. This disease can be prevented by immunizing the child.
Words:
1. contagious - заразный
2. to effect - поражать
3. whitish - беловатый
4. patch - налет
5. to spread - распространять, расстилаться
6. windpipe - дыхательное горло
7. complication - осложнение
8. emergency - неотложная помощь
9. convalescence - выздоровление
10. to proceed - продолжать
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.
Беловатый налет, заразное заболевание, трудности при дыхании, дыхательное горло, заболевание можно предупредить.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.
Difficulty in swallowing, to look ill and toxic, heart and kidneys, have to be hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital, can be prevented by.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.
1.What kind of disease is diphtheria. ?
2. What are the main symptoms of diphtheria?
3. Can the disease lead to many complications of nerves, heart and kidneys?
4. Can diphtheria be prevented by immunizing the child ?
Text
Scarlet fever (also called scarlatina in older literature) is an infectious disease which most commonly affects 4–8-year-old children and only sometimes in grown-ups.
There is no vaccine, but the disease is effectively treated with antibiotics. Most of the clinical features are caused by erythrogenic toxin, a substance produced by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep.) when it is infected by a certain bacteriophage.
Before the availability of antibiotics, scarlet fever was a major cause of death. It also sometimes caused late complications, such as glomerulonephritis and endocarditis leading to heart valve disease, all of which were protracted and often fatal afflictions at the time.
It is important to recognize that strains of Group A Strep which produce the erythrogenic toxin are not inherently more dangerous than other strains which do not; they are merely more easily diagnosed because of the characteristic rash.
The disease passes from one person to another through the nose and mouth. Scarlet fever is usually spread by inhalation. Symptoms include sore throat, fever and a characteristic red rash. The beginning of the disease is quick. The patient has a sore throat, fever, headache and he often vomits. The face is flushed and the skin feels hot and dry. The temperature rises quickly on the first day and remains high for a few days. The rash appears on the second day. After the temperature falls the skin begins to peel.
We must isolate the child with scarlet fever and put him in bed. When the temperature is high the nurse gives him fluid diet and when the temperature falls she gives him nourishing food.
Words: -
Scarlet fever - скарлатина
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to pass - переходить
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through - через, сквозь
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to vomit - страдать рвотой
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rash - сыпь
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to peel - шелушиться
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to isolate - изолировать
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nourishing - питательный
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.эффективно лечится с помощью антибиотиков; клинические признаки, инфракрасный токсин, вещество, основные причина смерти; осложнения; ведущих к пороками клапанов сердца, смертельные недуги; штаммы Группы Стрептококковое, более легко диагностировать.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.Before the availability of antibiotics; the characteristic rash; from one person to another; a sore throat, fever, headache; fluid diet; him nourishing food.
Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.1.What kind of disease is scarlet fever?
2.What are the first symptoms of scarlet fever?
3.How can the disease pass from one person to another?
4.What diet must a child with scarlet fever have?
Text
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Syphilis can affect men, women and infants.
Syphilis is dangerous, but it is easily treated if it is diagnosed early. If left untreated, it can cause blindness, insanity, paralysis, heart disease or death. Symptoms may appear 10-90 days after exposure. Symptoms of syphilis are divided into four stages:
Stage One: The main symptoms in this stage are: swelling of the glands and the appearance of chancres, which are usually seen on genitals, the mouth or anus. Chancres are very infectious. Chancres in women may not be noticed because they may occur inside the vagina. Chancres are not painful.
Stage Two: After the chancre is gone, a rash appears on the hands and feet. The lymph glands swell, the throat may be sore, patches appear in the mouth. There may be bumps around the genitals and the mouth. The bumps are very infectious. Other symptoms are: hair loss, loss of appetite, nausea, joint or bone pain.
Stage Three: This latent stage may last many years. Some people may have lesions in bones, skin, nervous tissue and the heart. It is not infectious stage.
Stage Four: Heart problems, skin rashes, bone and joint pain develop. There are many other problems such as insanity, slurred speech, senility or paralysis. If left untreated syphilis may cause death.
A pregnant woman with syphilis can infect her unborn child. She may experience miscarriage, stillbirth or give birth to a child with birth defects: blindness, brain damage or other problems with growth and development.
Those who have number of sexual partners and unprotected sex have a greater risk to be infected by syphilis. The use of condoms can prevent the spread of syphilis. Avoiding multiple sexual partners is also helpful.
Syphilis is diagnosed on fluid from chancres at the first stage. At the three later stages a blood test is needed to detect the disease.
Syphilis is treated with penicillin. Syphilis is curable if treated in time. It is very important to take all the medications the physician prescribes.
Words: -
insanity - умопомешательство
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chancre - шанкр, язва
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patch - пятно
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bump - шишка
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constipation - запор
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nausea - тошнота
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lesion - повреждение, поражение
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slurred - неразборчивый
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senility - дряхлость
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miscarriage - выкидыш
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still birth - рождение мертвого плода
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damage - повреждение
Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.Болезнь, передающаяся половым путем; может поражать; если оставлен без лечения; может вызвать; могут появиться; после заражения; четыре стадии; основные симптомы; можно не заметить; не болезненный; лимфатические железы опухают; пятна появляются; потеря волос; потеря аппетита; боль в суставах или костях; проблемы с сердцем; беременная женщина; врожденные дефекты; незащищенный секс; лечится.
Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите